Research Resources

For their assistance in identifying, locating and accessing primary and secondary resources for this online exhibition, heartfelt thanks go to the following institutions and individuals:

Institutions:

Individuals:

Nathan and Rolf Anderson, sons of James and Elise Anderson
Beatrice Bengtsson, LWF Archivist
Jill Fisher, Special Collections Coordinator for the Hong Kierkegaard Library, St. Olaf College
Dr. Mark A. Granquist, Luther Seminary, St. Paul, MN
Erik Hong, son of Howard and Edna Hong
Prof. em. DeAne Lagerquist, St. Olaf College
Christian von Plate-Stralenheim and Isemarie Waechter
John Plūme, author and former resident of Insula Displaced Persons Camp
Prof. em. Joseph Shaw, St. Olaf College
Eileen Shimota, Assistant Director of the Hong Kierkegaard Library, St. Olaf College
Prof. em. Mary Solberg, Gustavus Adolphus College, daughter of LWF Representative Richard Solberg
Joel Thoreson, ELCA Archivist
Kristina Warner, NAHA Archivist
Velta Zadins, daughter of watercolor artist, Valdis Lauva

Bibliography of Published Works

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Achtelstetter, Karin, Frederick Schlagenhaft, and Lutheran World Federation. Living in Communion in the World Today: 60 Years of Lutheran World Federation (LWF). Documentation from the 2007 LWF Council Meeting and Church Leadership Consultation. Documentation; No 52. Minneapolis: Lutheran University Press, 2007.

Alrich, Amy A. “Germans Displaced from the East: Crossing Actual and Imagined Central European Borders, 1944-1955.” Dissertation, The Ohio State University, 2003.

Altnurme, Riho. “Foreign Relations of the Estonian Evangelical Lutheran Church as a Means of Maintaining Contact With the Western World.” Kirchliche Zeitgeschichte 19, no. 1 (2006): 159–65.

Antons, Jan-Hinnerk. “Displaced Persons in Postwar Germany: Parallel Societies in a Hostile Environment.” Journal of Contemporary History 49, no. 1 (2014): 92–114.

Bachmann, E. Theodore and Lutheran World Federation. Epic of Faith: The Background of the Second Assembly of the Lutheran World Federation, 1952. New York: National Lutheran Council, 1952.

Baetz, Reuben C. Service to Refugees, 1947-1952. Geneva: Lutheran World Federation, 1952.

Baetz, Reuben C., Stewart W. Herman, and Lutheran World Federation. Five Year Report of LWF Service to Refugees. Geneva: Lutheran World Federation, 1952.

Bankovičs, Vilnis, and Māris Roze. Driven West, Taken East: A World War II Memoir of the Eastern Front. Xlibris, 2015.

Barton, Betty. The Problem of 12 Million German Refugees in Today’s Germany. Philadelphia: American Friends Service Committee, 1949.

Becs, Henry. Here I Am, An Autobiography: From the Communist and Nazi Hell in Latvia to the Promised Land – Canada. 1st Edition. Innisfail and Red Deer, Alberta: Congregation of Notre Dame St. Joseph’s Convent, 1992.

Bendel, Rainer and Institut für Ostdeutsche Kirchen- und Kulturgeschichte (Bonn) Arbeitstagung. Vertriebene finden Heimat in der Kirche: Integrationsprozesse im Geteilten Deutschland nach 1945. N/a. 2008.

Bendel, Rainer, and Kustermann, Abraham, eds. Die kirchliche Integration der Vertriebenen im Südwesten nach 1945. Lit Verlag, 2010.

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Bouman, Stephen, Ralston Deffenbaugh, and Martin E. Marty. “A Church of Immigrants.” In They Are Us, 2nd ed., 43–56. Lutherans and Immigration, Second Edition. 1517 Media, 2020.

Brūveris, Ojārs. “Jan.” The Autobiography. Vol. 1, From War to Freedom, 1945-1952. United States: O., Brūveris, 2001.

Cohen, G. Daniel. “Between Relief and Politics: Refugee Humanitarianism in Occupied Germany 1945-1946.” Journal of Contemporary History 43, no. 3 (2008): 437–49.

Dallas, Gregor. 1945: The War That Never Ended. New Haven: Yale University Press, 2005.

Duchrow, Ulrich. Konflikt um die Ökumene: Christusbekenntnis, in welcher Gestalt der ökumenischen Bewegung? München: Kaiser, 1980.

Eglītis, Andrejs. A Man from Latvia. West Conshohocken, PA: Infinity Publishing.com, 2009.

Empie, Paul C. and National Lutheran Council. In Deed and in Truth. New York: Lutheran World Action, 1947.

Evangelische Kirche in Deutschland. Jahrbuch. Das Hilfswerk 1945-1950. Stuttgart: Evangelisches Verlagswerk, 1950.

Fox, Grace. “The Origins of UNRRA.” Political Science Quarterly 65, no. 4 (1950): 561–84.

Friedlander, Walter A. “The New Refugees in Germany: A Challenge to Social Work.” Social Work Journal 34, no. 4 (1953): 157–78.

Gaertner, Carl A. “Lutheran World Federation.” Concordia Theological Monthly 38, no. 1 (January 1967): 10–18.

Gengler, Peter N. “Constructing and Leveraging ‘Flight and Expulsion’: Expellee Memory Politics and Victimhood Narratives in the Federal Republic of Germany, 1944-1970.” Dissertation, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, 2019.

Genizi, Haim. America’s Fair Share: The Admission and Resettlement of Displaced Persons, 1945-1952. Detroit: Wayne State University Press, 1993.

Goeckel, Robert F. “Soviet Policy toward the Baltic Lutheran Churches and Their Role in the Liberalization Process.” Kirchliche Zeitgeschichte 6, no. 1 (1993): 120–38.

Granquist, Mark. Lutherans in America: A New History. Minneapolis: Fortress Press, 2015.

———. Most Certainly True: Lutheran History at a Glance – 75 Stories About Lutherans Since 1517. Lutheran University Press, 2020.

Grossmann, Atina. “Grams, Calories, and Food: Languages of Victimization, Entitlement, and Human Rights in Occupied Germany, 1945–1949.” Central European History 44, no. 1 (2011): 118–48.

Guptil, Marilla B. “Records of the United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration 1943–1948.” Journal of Refugee Studies 5, no. 1 (1992): 29–32.

Hauge, Osborne, and Ralph H. Long. Lutherans Working Together: A History of the National Lutheran Council 1918-1943. New York: National Lutheran Council, 1946.

Heise, Matthew. “Church under the Pressure of Stalinism: The Development of the Status and Activities of the Soviet Latvian Evangelical Lutheran Church during 1944-1950.” Religion, State & Society 27, no. 2 (1999): 249–249.

Herman, Stewart W. “Lutheran Service to Refugees.” Lutheran Quarterly 2, no. 1 (February 1950): 3–16.

Hetle, Erik. Lars Wilhelm Boe: A Biography. Minneapolis: Augsburg Publishing House, 1949.

Holborn, Louise W. The International Refugee Organization: A Specialized Agency of the United Nations : Its History and Work, 1946-1952. London ; Oxford University Press, 1956.

Hong, Edna H. Bright Valley of Love. Pocket paperback edition. Minneapolis: Augsburg Publishing House, 1979.

———. The Book of a Century: The Centennial History of St. John’s Lutheran Church, Northfield, Minnesota. Northfield, Minn: St. John’s Lutheran Church, 1969.

Hunt, Irmgard A. On Hitler’s Mountain: Overcoming the Legacy of a Nazi Childhood. 1st ed. New York: Morrow, 2005.

Isajiw, Wsevolod, Yury Boshyk, and Roman Senkus, eds. The Refugee Experience: Ukrainian Displaced Persons after World War II. Alberta, Canada: Canadian Institute of Ukrainian Studies Press, 1992.

Jähner, Harald. Aftermath: Life in the Fallout of the Third Reich, 1945-1955. First edition. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 2022.

Kinnear, Mary. “UNRRA.” In Woman of the World, 147–77. Mary McGeachy and International Cooperation. University of Toronto Press, 2004.
Kirchliche Vertriebenenarbeit Eine Übersicht. Hannover [Falkenstr. 20]: Ostkirchenausschuss, 1952.

Lagerquist, L. DeAne. “Home and Sacred Place in the Letters of Gertrude Sovik: A Norwegian-American in China.” In Culture Religion and Home-Making in and Beyond South Asia. 1517 Media, 2020.

———. “Fellow Workers: Lutherans’ Service to Refugees as Public Engagement.” Journal of the Lutheran Historical Conference 1 (2011): 205–20.

———. “My Trip around the World: Gertrude Sovik’s Missionary Life.” Journal of the Lutheran Historical Conference 1 (2018): 38–55.

———. The Lutherans. Denominations in America, No. 9. Westport, Conn: Greenwood Press, 1999.

Lehmann-Habeck, Martin. “Confession and Resistance in Hitler-Germany (1933-1945).” Mission Studies 2, no. 1 (1985): 34–38.

Lehtonen, Risto. Church in a Divided World: The Encounter of the Lutheran World Federation with the Cold War. Reports and Studies in Education, Humanities, and Theology, no. 19. Finland: University of Eastern Finland, 2013.

Letts, Harold C. Christian Social Responsibility: A Symposium in Three Volumes. Philadelphia: Muhlenberg Press, 1957.

Levinsson, Claes. “The Long Shadow of History: Post-Soviet Border Disputes—The Case of Estonia, Latvia, and Russia.” Connections 5, no. 2 (2006): 98–110.

Lowe, Keith. Savage Continent: Europe in the Aftermath of World War II. First Picador Edition. New York: Picador, 2013.

Lower, Wendy. Nazi Empire-Building and the Holocaust in Ukraine. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2005.

Lumans, Valdis O. Himmler’s Auxiliaries: The Volksdeutsche Mittelstelle and the German National Minorities of Europe, 1933-1945. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1993.

———. Latvia in World War II. 1st ed. World War II–the Global, Human, and Ethical Dimension. New York: Fordham University Press, 2006.

Lund-Quist, Carl E., and Lutheran World Federation. “The Living Word in a Responsible Church”: Study Documents, Lutheran World Federation Assembly, July 25 – Aug. 3, 1952, Hanover, Germany. Geneva: Lutheran World Federation, 1952.

Lutheran World Action. “Lutheran Representatives Overseas.” Pastor’s Bulletin, January 1947. Luther Seminary.

———. Lutheran World Federation Service to Refugees 1947-1949 Photographic Section. Edited by Howard V Hong. St. Olaf College, Northfield, MN, 1949.

———. Lutheran World Federation Service to Refugees in Germany 1947-1949. Report. Edited by Howard V. Hong. Vol. 1. St. Olaf College, Northfield, MN, 1949.

———. The Lutheran World Federation Service to Refugees in Austria: A Summary Report, 1949-1952. Salzburg, Austria: 1952.

———. Service to Refugees, 1947-1952. Geneva: Lutheran World Federation, 1952.

———. The Proceedings of the Lutheran World Federation Assembly: Lund, Sweden, June 30 – July 6, 1947. Philadelphia: United Lutheran Publication House, 1948.

———. Prehistory of the Lutheran World Federation; List of Material in Archives in Europe and the U.S.A. / Vorgeschichte des Lutherischen Weltbundes; Verzeichnis über Archivmaterial in Europa und den U.S.A. Geneva: Lutheran World Federation, 1968.

MacDonogh, Giles. After the Reich: The Brutal History of the Allied Occupation. New York: Basic Books, 2007.

Mankusa, Zanda. “Over the Iron Curtain: The Evangelical Lutheran Church of Latvia Meets the West.” Journal of Baltic Studies 37, no. 3 (2006): 313–35

Merling, Bert, and Edna H. Hong. Northfield, Minnesota, Centennial, 1855-1955: Century of Progress. Northfield, Minn: Northfield Centennial Corporation, 1955.

Merten, Ulrich. Forgotten Voices: The Expulsion of the Germans from Eastern Europe after World War II. New Brunswick, N.J: Transaction Publishers, 2012.

Miké, Valerie, and János Mádl. Seeking Freedom and Justice for Hungary: John Madl-Miké (1905-1981), the Kolping Movement, and the Years in Exile. English language edition. Lanham, Maryland: Hamilton Books, 2015.

Millers, Arvid. Arvid’s Story. Adelaide, Australia: Openbook Australia, 2007.

Nasaw, David. The Last Million: Europe’s Displaced Persons from World War to Cold War. New York: Penguin Press, 2020.

National Lutheran Council. “Aid for Refugees: Lutheran World Federation Acts on Continuing Problem.” The Christian Century 69, no. 34 (August 20, 1952): 954–954.

Neimane, Dagnija. Flight from Latvia: A Six-Year Chronicle. Vermont, 2016.

Nelson, E. Clifford. The Rise of World Lutheranism: An American Perspective. Philadelphia: Fortress Press, 1982.

Nollendorfs, Valters, Valters Ščerbinskis, and Valdis Bērziņš. The Impossible Resistance: Latvia between Two Totalitarian Regimes 1940-1991. Symposium of the Commission of the Historians of Latvia, volume 29. Rīga: Zinātne, 2021.

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Olds, Astrida E. The Moon Is Coming with Us: About Anna and Wilhelm F. Rose by Their Youngest Child. Chatham, N.Y.: Longview Pub., 1999.

Pettiss, Susan T. After the Shooting Stopped: The Memoir of an UNRRA Welfare Worker, Germany 1945-1947. Victoria, B.C: Trafford Publishing, 2004.

Platace Futchs Fine, Marija. Wide Eyes: A War Orphan Unlocks the Mystery of Her Latvian Roots after Seventy Years. Xlibris Corp, 2016.

Plūme,Ventis, John Plūme, Vaira Vīķe-Freiberga, Howard V. Hong, and Lutheran World Federation Service to Refugees. Insula, Island of Hope: A Latvian Memoir. Revised and Enlarged edition. Morgan Hill, CA: Bookstand Publishing, 2013.

Reich, Herbert. Das Lutherische Hannover.: Festschrift zur Vollversammlung des Lutherischen Weltbundes, Hannover, 1952. Detmold: Verlag Glaube und Kultur, 1952.

Reinisch, Jessica. “Introduction: Relief in the Aftermath of War.” Journal of Contemporary History 43, no. 3 (2008): 371–404.

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Schjørring, Jens Holger, Prasanna Kumari, Norman A. Hjelm, and Viggo Mortensen. From Federation to Communion: The History of the Lutheran World Federation. Minneapolis: Fortress Press, 1997.

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———. Open Doors: The Story of Lutherans Resettling Refugees. St. Louis, Mo: Concordia Publishing House, 1992.

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———. Lutherans in Concert: The Story of the National Lutheran Council, 1918-1966. Minneapolis: Augsburg Publishing House, 1968.

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