Exiled from Home

Stories of multiple Latvian displaced persons who lived in post WWII displaced persons camps, including Insula (near Berchtesgaden, Germany) and immigrated to the Midwestern regions of the United States

Sign for Insula Displaced Persons' Assembly Center
"Mikelis Valters and Ventis Plume January 1949" (Insula-Island of Hope)
Photo of John Plume in Insula, taken by Ventis Plume

Ventis Plume

Ventis Plume was born in Sauka, Latvia in 1932, where he stayed until grade five. His family had never left Latvia before they fled from Soviet troops in 1944 to Berchtesgaden, Germany. Ventis recalled fleeing their farm with everything they could bring on a horse-pulled cart. Their train to Germany was bombed, destroying all of their belongings. His father Janis, mother Anna, and brother John lived in Insula from 1945 to 1949. Ventis’ memory album (pictured below with the title “Wartime Log”) shows what life looked like inside Insula. From Hamburg, Germany, Ventis and his family sailed on the SS Ernie Pyle to New York. His family lived on a farmstead in St. Joseph, Michigan for two years with sponsorship from the National Lutheran Council. 

 In 1951, Ventis graduated from St. Joseph High School and worked at a metal shop while taking community college engineering classes. Ventis was called to serve in the Korean war by the U.S. Just three days after he was drafted, the war stopped. He served at Fort Knox, Kentucky, Fort Lee, Virginia, and Camp Chaffee, Arkansas. Once discharged from the service in 1955, Ventis moved to East Lansing, Michigan with his wife, Maija Slesers, and began studying forestry and economics at Michigan State University. 

In 1959, after finishing his degree in forestry, Ventis and Maija moved to Grangevilla, Idaho so he could work as a junior forester, fighting forest fires and planting thousands of trees. During this time, Maija drove herself sixty-five miles to the hospital to have their son Janis Juris in 1960 and daughter Mara Anna in 1961, and in 1964, their last daughter, Inta Maija. By 1974, Ventis and his family moved to Alaska to further his career with the Bureau of Indian Affairs, where he worked for 25 years, visiting many Native American reservations. In the 1990s, Ventis and Maija visited Latvia over a dozen times where they visited relatives and friends.

Maija Plume passed away in 2007 and Ventis Plume in 2022.1

Gift to Ventils Plume by the YMCA, holding many memories of his time at Insula (JP).
Inside of Plume Memory Album
Within the album, Plume added many pictures of life at Insula, including many cultural celebrations or activities (JP).
Alida Nussbaums (Insula)

Alida Nussbaums

Alida was born in Aduliena, Latvia in 1905 and lived with her father, two sisters, and one brother. Her mother passed away when she was young. Alida went on to study chemistry at a university in Riga Alida also joined the well known Dziesmu Vara choir with her talented voice and worked as an accountant.

The conflict of WWII separated Alida from her family, and she was transported by the Germans to work as a telephone operator in Erfurt, Germany. She made her way to Insula where she shared a 240 square foot room with the Plume family of four. She worked as the lead switchboard operator at Insula, joined the Insula choir, and learned to climb and ski the Bavarian Alps.

In 1949, along with the Plume family, Alida boarded the SS Ernie Pyle to immigrate to the U.S. and settled in Wisconsin. Ventis recalls how she would visit his family in Michigan and pick fruits from their trees. By 1951, Alida moved to Rochester, MN to work in the Mayo Clinic laboratory. She dutifully stayed there for 20 years until her retirement, never missing a day. She visited every continent during her retirement years and was a member of the YWCA, Lutheran Church of Minneapolis and St.Paul, Minnesota Orchestra Women’s Club, and the Mayo Clinic’s Women’s Club.

Alida Nussbaums passed away in 1992 and was buried in the Latvian Memorial Park, in Elka Park, New York.2

Professor Edmunds Šmits

Professor Edmunds Šmits was born in Mazsalaca, Latvia in 1902. He was raised in a deeply religious Lutheran and Anti-Marxist family.  As a professor of theology and philosophy, Professor Šmits strongly opposed the Soviet religious oppression he experienced in his time.

The Lutheran Federation Services to Refugees recruited Professor Šmits to organize a special kind of spiritual work by leading courses for pastors and Christian students. Dr. Howard Hong invited Professor Šmits to be the program director of the Lutheran Study center in Imbshausen, an institution with religious courses for DP pastors and members of the “Churches in Exile.” By July 1948, Professor Šmits was preparing pastors, school teachers, and students for religious work in post WWII camps and cities. Imbshausen, like its counterpart in the American Zone, Berchtesgaden, became a beacon of hope for many religious workers. For instance, Latvian teacher Z. Suna, after his time there, described Imbshausen as a place “where a uniting spirit reigned and lifted our thoughts out of the bleakness of every day.”3 After Professor Šmits left Imbshausen, he continued his education and later his teaching at Luther Seminary in St. Paul, Minnesota.4

From left to right; Talivaldis Smits, Professor Edmund Smits, Diana Smits, and Mrs. Smits Evangelical Lutheran Church in America (ELCA) Region 3 Archives Luther Seminary St. Paul, MN
The Imbshausen and Berchtesgaden Study Centers served as places of learning for the many displaced persons in religious positions or wanting to be in such. Classes for Sunday school teachers or pastors often were held in these centers.

Endnotes

  1.  Ventis Plume, John Plume, and Vaira Vīke-Freiberga, Insula, Island of Hope: A Latvian Memoir, Revised and enlarged edition. (Morgan Hill, CA: Bookstand Publishing, 2013), 369-370.
  2. Ventis Plume, John Plume, and Vaira Vīke-Freiberga, Insula, Island of Hope: A Latvian Memoir, Revised and enlarged edition. (Morgan Hill, CA: Bookstand Publishing, 2013), 361-362.
  3. Z. Suna, “Lutheran Study Centers,” in Lutheran World Federation Service to Refugees in Germany 1947-1949. Materials for Report, vol. 1, ed. Howard Hong (1949), 278. 
  4. Edmunds Šmits, Autobiography of Edmunds Smits, Evangelical Lutheran Church in America (ELCA) Region 3 Archives, Luther Seminary St. Paul, MN.

Click the button below to view the complete bibliography for this digital exhibition.

Photo Credits (from top to bottom, left to right)*

  1. Photo of child in front of Insula entrance sign, used with permission of and donated by John Plume. 
  2. “Mikelis Valters and Ventis Plume January 1949”, found in Ventis Plume “A WarTime Log”/ Memory Album, used with permission of and donated by John Plume. 
  3. Photo of John Plume sledding at Insula, found in Ventis Plume “A WarTime Log”/ Memory Album, used with permission of and donated by John Plume. 
  4. Cover of “A WarTime Log” by Ventis Plume, photo taken by Anneke Shiller, used with permission of and donated by John Plume. 
  5. Intro of “A WarTime Log” by Ventis Plume, photo taken by Natalie Wilson, used with permission of and donated by John Plume. 
  6. Photos from inside of Insula, in “A WarTime Log” by Ventis Plume, photo taken by Natalie Wilson, used with permission of and donated by John Plume. 
  7. John Plume, from: Ventis Plume, John Plume, and Vaira Vīke-Freiberga, Insula, Island of Hope: A Latvian Memoir, Revised and enlarged edition. (Morgan Hill, CA: Bookstand Publishing, 2013), 368.
  8. Alida Nussbaums, from: Ventis Plume, John Plume, and Vaira Vīke-Freiberga, Insula, Island of Hope: A Latvian Memoir, Revised and enlarged edition. (Morgan Hill, CA: Bookstand Publishing, 2013), 361. 
  9. From left to right; Talivaldis Šmits, Professor Edmunds Šmits, Diana Šmits, and Mrs. Šmits. Evangelical Lutheran Church in America (ELCA) Region 3 Archives, Luther Seminary St. Paul, MN. 
  10. Lutheran Study Center list of Classes Offered, Landeskirchliches Archiv-Hannover, folder S 09 rep Nr. 394, donated by Jim Anderson in 2007. 

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