{"id":314,"date":"2019-07-01T11:01:22","date_gmt":"2019-07-01T16:01:22","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/pages.stolaf.edu\/sian\/?page_id=314"},"modified":"2026-10-16T15:18:22","modified_gmt":"2026-10-16T20:18:22","slug":"entrepreneurial-skills","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/pages.stolaf.edu\/sian\/research\/entrepreneurial-skills\/","title":{"rendered":"Entrepreneurial Skills"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div class=\"et_pb_section_0 et_pb_section et_section_regular et_block_section\"><div class=\"et_pb_row_0 et_pb_row et_block_row\"><div class=\"et_pb_column_0 et_pb_column et_pb_column_4_4 et-last-child et_block_column et_pb_css_mix_blend_mode_passthrough\"><div class=\"et_pb_text_0 et_pb_text et_pb_bg_layout_light et_pb_module et_block_module\"><div class=\"et_pb_text_inner\"><h1 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\"><strong>Entrepreneurial Skills<\/strong><\/span><\/h1>\n<\/div><\/div><div class=\"et_pb_text_1 et_pb_text et_pb_bg_layout_light et_pb_module et_block_module et_pb_text_align_center\"><div class=\"et_pb_text_inner\"><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u201cEntrepreneurial education means developing and stimulating general competencies like taking initiative, taking responsibility, turning ideas into action, developing curiosity, relying on oneself, being creative and demonstrating courage for risk-taking. Furthermore, entrepreneurial education should promote competencies like decision-making, communication, and cooperation to seize opportunities and changes, as well as to develop and create value - personal, cultural, social or economic\u201d (Swedish National Agency for Education, 2015).<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"et_pb_row_1 et_pb_row et_block_row\"><div class=\"et_pb_column_1 et_pb_column et_pb_column_1_2 et_block_column et_pb_css_mix_blend_mode_passthrough\"><div class=\"et_pb_text_2 et_pb_text et_pb_bg_layout_light et_pb_module et_block_module\"><div class=\"et_pb_text_inner\"><h2>Human Capital Assets Related to Entrepreneurship<\/h2>\n<p>According to Volery at al. (2013), there are four types of human capital related to entrepreneurship:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>entrepreneurship-related personality traits, including the need for achievement, entrepreneurial self-efficacy, the pursuit of professional autonomy, risk propensity and innovation propensity;<\/li>\n<li>beliefs that support entrepreneurial activity, including the perceived desirability and feasibility of one\u2019s plans and actions;<\/li>\n<li>entrepreneurial knowledge;<\/li>\n<li>entrepreneurial competencies.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>There are many definitions for entrepreneurial education. While some are very vague and not explanatory (Young, 1997), others focus on specific aspects of entrepreneurship (Kirby, 2004). This can affect how the education takes place and the institutions entrepreneurship is taught in.<\/p>\n<p>Initiatives for entrepreneurship education in university manifest themselves in different forms, such as programs, institutes, centers, departments, and schools. These can depend on the student, educator, institution, community and the relationship among all (Manimala, 2017).<\/p>\n<p>Jamieson (1984) identifies three types of entrepreneurship education:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Education about enterprise: deals mostly with awareness creation and has the specific objective of educating students on the various aspects of setting up and running a business mostly from a theoretical perspective<\/li>\n<li>Education for enterprise: deals more with the preparation of aspiring entrepreneurs for a career in self-employment, with the specific objective of encouraging participants to set up and run their own business<\/li>\n<li>Education in enterprise: deals mainly with management training for established entrepreneurs and focuses on ensuring the growth and future development of the business<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"et_pb_column_2 et_pb_column et_pb_column_1_2 et-last-child et_block_column et_pb_css_mix_blend_mode_passthrough\"><div class=\"et_pb_image_0 et_pb_image et_pb_module et_block_module\"><span class=\"et_pb_image_wrap\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/pages.stolaf.edu\/sian\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/892\/2023\/11\/Untitled-12-e1698963126665.jpg\" width=\"400\" height=\"800\" srcset=\"https:\/\/pages.stolaf.edu\/sian\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/892\/2023\/11\/Untitled-12-e1698963126665.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 400px) 100vw, 400px\" class=\"wp-image-867\" title=\"Untitled (12)\" \/><\/span><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"et_pb_row_2 et_pb_row et_block_row\"><div class=\"et_pb_column_3 et_pb_column et_pb_column_4_4 et-last-child et_block_column et_pb_css_mix_blend_mode_passthrough\"><div class=\"et_pb_text_3 et_pb_text et_pb_bg_layout_light et_pb_module et_block_module\"><div class=\"et_pb_text_inner\"><h1><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\">REFLECTIVE THINKING VS. ENTREPRENEURIAL THINKING<\/span><\/h1>\n<p><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\">Reflective practices are crucial for learning and they are especially important in the experiential learning environment (Perry, 2012). As illustrated in the image, reflective thinking starts with the individual and builds up to a broader context. When a student experiences something in their off-campus study program, they will start the reflection from within. The reflective practice then moves to the revisiting of the experience and connecting it to values, beliefs, and assumptions. It is very effective to combine reflection with a pre-program orientation, such as the intercultural orientation (look at IDI on the Study Abroad page).<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\">Through a literature review (Kubberod, 2017; Yamazaka, 2004; Neck et al., 2014), and personal observation, it was concluded that entrepreneurial thinking complements reflective thinking and builds on it. That is, entrepreneurial thinking is the next step to the reflections in off-campus study programs.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\">It is recommended to not only engage the students seriously in reflective practices (Kubberod, 2017) but also to engage them more into expanding that thinking when looking for solutions.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"et_pb_row_3 et_pb_row et_block_row\"><div class=\"et_pb_column_4 et_pb_column et_pb_column_1_2 et_block_column et_pb_css_mix_blend_mode_passthrough\"><div class=\"et_pb_image_1 et_pb_image et_pb_module et_block_module\"><span class=\"et_pb_image_wrap\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/pages.stolaf.edu\/sian\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/892\/2019\/07\/Add-a-little-bit-of-body-text-1.jpg\" width=\"1728\" height=\"2304\" srcset=\"https:\/\/pages.stolaf.edu\/sian\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/892\/2019\/07\/Add-a-little-bit-of-body-text-1.jpg 1728w, https:\/\/pages.stolaf.edu\/sian\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/892\/2019\/07\/Add-a-little-bit-of-body-text-1-106x141.jpg 106w, https:\/\/pages.stolaf.edu\/sian\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/892\/2019\/07\/Add-a-little-bit-of-body-text-1-768x1024.jpg 768w, https:\/\/pages.stolaf.edu\/sian\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/892\/2019\/07\/Add-a-little-bit-of-body-text-1-1080x1440.jpg 1080w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1728px) 100vw, 1728px\" class=\"wp-image-438\" title=\"Add a little bit of body text (1)\" \/><\/span><\/div><\/div><div class=\"et_pb_column_5 et_pb_column et_pb_column_1_2 et-last-child et_block_column et_pb_css_mix_blend_mode_passthrough\"><div class=\"et_pb_image_2 et_pb_image et_pb_module et_block_module\"><span class=\"et_pb_image_wrap\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/pages.stolaf.edu\/sian\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/892\/2019\/08\/STUDENTS-AND-E-NTREPRENEURS-e1564682987404.png\" width=\"1728\" height=\"1843\" srcset=\"https:\/\/pages.stolaf.edu\/sian\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/892\/2019\/08\/STUDENTS-AND-E-NTREPRENEURS-e1564682987404.png 1728w, https:\/\/pages.stolaf.edu\/sian\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/892\/2019\/08\/STUDENTS-AND-E-NTREPRENEURS-e1564682987404-132x141.png 132w, https:\/\/pages.stolaf.edu\/sian\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/892\/2019\/08\/STUDENTS-AND-E-NTREPRENEURS-e1564682987404-768x819.png 768w, https:\/\/pages.stolaf.edu\/sian\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/892\/2019\/08\/STUDENTS-AND-E-NTREPRENEURS-e1564682987404-1080x1152.png 1080w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1728px) 100vw, 1728px\" class=\"wp-image-677\" title=\"STUDENTS AND ENTREPRENEURS\" \/><\/span><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"et_pb_section_1 et_pb_section et_section_regular et_block_section\"><div class=\"et_pb_row_4 et_pb_row et_block_row\"><div class=\"et_pb_column_6 et_pb_column et_pb_column_1_3 et_block_column et_pb_css_mix_blend_mode_passthrough\"><div class=\"et_pb_image_3 et_pb_image et_pb_module et_block_module\"><a href=\"https:\/\/pages.stolaf.edu\/sian\/research\/entrepreneurial-skills\/\"><span class=\"et_pb_image_wrap\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/pages.stolaf.edu\/sian\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/892\/2023\/10\/design-thinking-tools-mind-mapping.jpg\" width=\"1200\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https:\/\/pages.stolaf.edu\/sian\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/892\/2023\/10\/design-thinking-tools-mind-mapping.jpg 1200w, https:\/\/pages.stolaf.edu\/sian\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/892\/2023\/10\/design-thinking-tools-mind-mapping-980x490.jpg 980w, https:\/\/pages.stolaf.edu\/sian\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/892\/2023\/10\/design-thinking-tools-mind-mapping-480x240.jpg 480w\" sizes=\"(min-width: 0px) and (max-width: 480px) 480px, (min-width: 481px) and (max-width: 980px) 980px, (min-width: 981px) 1200px, 100vw\" class=\"wp-image-759\" title=\"design-thinking-tools-mind-mapping\" \/><\/span><\/a><\/div><div class=\"et_pb_module et_pb_button_module_wrapper et_pb_button_0_wrapper\"><a class=\"et_pb_button_0 et_pb_button et_pb_bg_layout_light et_pb_module et_block_module\" href=\"https:\/\/pages.stolaf.edu\/sian\/research\/entrepreneurial-skills\/\">Entrepreneurial Skills<\/a><\/div><\/div><div class=\"et_pb_column_7 et_pb_column et_pb_column_1_3 et_block_column et_pb_css_mix_blend_mode_passthrough\"><div class=\"et_pb_image_4 et_pb_image et_pb_module et_block_module\"><a href=\"https:\/\/pages.stolaf.edu\/sian\/research\/study-abroad\/\"><span class=\"et_pb_image_wrap\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/pages.stolaf.edu\/sian\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/892\/2023\/10\/image-10.jpg\" width=\"2048\" height=\"1365\" srcset=\"https:\/\/pages.stolaf.edu\/sian\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/892\/2023\/10\/image-10.jpg 2048w, https:\/\/pages.stolaf.edu\/sian\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/892\/2023\/10\/image-10-1280x853.jpg 1280w, 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href=\"https:\/\/pages.stolaf.edu\/sian\/research\/pedagogy\/\"><span class=\"et_pb_image_wrap\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/pages.stolaf.edu\/sian\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/892\/2016\/07\/HollandNight-XL-850x478.jpg\" width=\"850\" height=\"478\" srcset=\"https:\/\/pages.stolaf.edu\/sian\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/892\/2016\/07\/HollandNight-XL-850x478.jpg 850w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 850px) 100vw, 850px\" class=\"wp-image-38\" title=\"HollandNight-XL\" \/><\/span><\/a><\/div><div class=\"et_pb_module et_pb_button_module_wrapper et_pb_button_2_wrapper\"><a class=\"et_pb_button_2 et_pb_button et_pb_bg_layout_light et_pb_module et_block_module\" href=\"https:\/\/pages.stolaf.edu\/sian\/research\/pedagogy\/\">Pedagogy<\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":2900,"featured_media":0,"parent":252,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-314","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/pages.stolaf.edu\/sian\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/314","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/pages.stolaf.edu\/sian\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/pages.stolaf.edu\/sian\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pages.stolaf.edu\/sian\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2900"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pages.stolaf.edu\/sian\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=314"}],"version-history":[{"count":32,"href":"https:\/\/pages.stolaf.edu\/sian\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/314\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1030,"href":"https:\/\/pages.stolaf.edu\/sian\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/314\/revisions\/1030"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pages.stolaf.edu\/sian\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/252"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/pages.stolaf.edu\/sian\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=314"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}