{"id":249,"date":"2023-06-26T14:54:33","date_gmt":"2023-06-26T19:54:33","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/pages.stolaf.edu\/lwf-refugee-service\/?page_id=249"},"modified":"2026-07-02T11:32:37","modified_gmt":"2026-07-02T16:32:37","slug":"refugee-services","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/pages.stolaf.edu\/lwf-refugee-service\/refugee-services\/","title":{"rendered":"Refugee Services"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><div class=\"et_d4_element et_pb_section et_pb_section_0  et_pb_css_mix_blend_mode et_pb_fullwidth_section et_section_regular et_block_section\" >\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"et_pb_module et_d4_element et_pb_fullwidth_header et_pb_fullwidth_header_0  et_pb_css_mix_blend_mode et_pb_text_align_left et_pb_bg_layout_dark et_pb_fullscreen\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"et_pb_fullwidth_header_container left\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"header-content-container center\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"header-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"et_pb_module_header\">Refugee  Services<\/h1>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"et_pb_header_content_wrapper\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"et_pb_button et_pb_more_button et_pb_button_one\" href=\"https:\/\/pages.stolaf.edu\/lwf-refugee-service\/about-us\/\">by Anneke Shiller<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"et_pb_fullwidth_header_overlay\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"et_pb_fullwidth_header_scroll\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/div><div class=\"et_d4_element et_pb_section et_pb_section_1 et_pb_with_background  et_pb_css_mix_blend_mode et_pb_fullwidth_section et_section_regular et_pb_section--with-menu et_block_section\" >\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"et_pb_module et_d4_element et_pb_fullwidth_menu et_pb_fullwidth_menu_0 et_pb_bg_layout_light  et_pb_text_align_left et_dropdown_animation_fade et_pb_fullwidth_menu--without-logo et_pb_fullwidth_menu--style-left_aligned\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"et_pb_row clearfix\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"et_pb_menu__wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"et_pb_menu__menu\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<nav class=\"et-menu-nav fullwidth-menu-nav\"><ul id=\"menu-main-menu\" class=\"et-menu fullwidth-menu nav\"><li id=\"menu-item-2995\" class=\"et_pb_menu_page_id-home menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-home menu-item-2995\"><a href=\"https:\/\/pages.stolaf.edu\/lwf-refugee-service\/\">Home<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"menu-item-226\" class=\"et_pb_menu_page_id-226 menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children menu-item-226\"><a href=\"#\">Legacies<\/a>\n<ul class=\"sub-menu\">\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-224\" class=\"et_pb_menu_page_id-62 menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-224\"><a href=\"https:\/\/pages.stolaf.edu\/lwf-refugee-service\/st-olaf-college-lwf\/\">St. Olaf and the LWF<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-6055\" class=\"et_pb_menu_page_id-5003 menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children menu-item-6055\"><a href=\"https:\/\/pages.stolaf.edu\/lwf-refugee-service\/faculty-and-staff\/\">Faculty and Staff<\/a>\n\t<ul class=\"sub-menu\">\n\t\t<li id=\"menu-item-5815\" class=\"et_pb_menu_page_id-4784 menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-5815\"><a href=\"https:\/\/pages.stolaf.edu\/lwf-refugee-service\/astrid-and-ivar-ivask\/\">Astrid and Ivar Ivask<\/a><\/li>\n\t\t<li id=\"menu-item-6060\" class=\"et_pb_menu_page_id-4610 menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-6060\"><a href=\"https:\/\/pages.stolaf.edu\/lwf-refugee-service\/?page_id=4610\">Olaf Millert<\/a><\/li>\n\t\t<li id=\"menu-item-4577\" class=\"et_pb_menu_page_id-4577 menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-4577\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wicas.lutheranworld.org\/sites\/default\/files\/documents\/gertrudesovikfinal.pdf\">Getrude Sovik<\/a><\/li>\n\t\t<li id=\"menu-item-4125\" class=\"et_pb_menu_page_id-4088 menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-4125\"><a href=\"https:\/\/pages.stolaf.edu\/lwf-refugee-service\/otonas-stanaitis-2\/\">Otonas Stanaitis<\/a><\/li>\n\t<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-4576\" class=\"et_pb_menu_page_id-4576 menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children menu-item-4576\"><a href=\"#\">Students<\/a>\n\t<ul class=\"sub-menu\">\n\t\t<li id=\"menu-item-5299\" class=\"et_pb_menu_page_id-4695 menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-5299\"><a href=\"https:\/\/pages.stolaf.edu\/lwf-refugee-service\/ruta-kramins-bly\/\">Ruta Kramins-Bly<\/a><\/li>\n\t\t<li id=\"menu-item-218\" class=\"et_pb_menu_page_id-218 menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-218\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wp.stolaf.edu\/pipercenter\/martin-luther-schule-school\/\">MLS-Rimbach<\/a><\/li>\n\t<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"menu-item-479\" class=\"et_pb_menu_page_id-479 menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children menu-item-479\"><a href=\"#\">History<\/a>\n<ul class=\"sub-menu\">\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-3078\" class=\"et_pb_menu_page_id-3078 menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-3078\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.lutheranworld.org\/who-we-are\/history-lwf#:~:text=The%20LWF%20was%20established%20in,fellowship%20and%20solidarity%20among%20themselves.\">History of the LWF<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-4488\" class=\"et_pb_menu_page_id-4488 menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children menu-item-4488\"><a href=\"#\">Displaced Lutherans<\/a>\n\t<ul class=\"sub-menu\">\n\t\t<li id=\"menu-item-6165\" class=\"et_pb_menu_page_id-4200 menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-6165\"><a href=\"https:\/\/pages.stolaf.edu\/lwf-refugee-service\/baltic-timeline\/\">Baltic Timeline<\/a><\/li>\n\t\t<li id=\"menu-item-1054\" class=\"et_pb_menu_page_id-1052 menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-1054\"><a href=\"https:\/\/pages.stolaf.edu\/lwf-refugee-service\/occupation\/\">Baltic Occupations<\/a><\/li>\n\t\t<li id=\"menu-item-5886\" class=\"et_pb_menu_page_id-4516 menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-5886\"><a href=\"https:\/\/pages.stolaf.edu\/lwf-refugee-service\/dp-lived-experiences\/\">Lived Experiences<\/a><\/li>\n\t\t<li id=\"menu-item-256\" class=\"et_pb_menu_page_id-255 menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-256\"><a href=\"https:\/\/pages.stolaf.edu\/lwf-refugee-service\/churches-in-exile\/\">Cultural Life<\/a><\/li>\n\t\t<li id=\"menu-item-1062\" class=\"et_pb_menu_page_id-1059 menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-1062\"><a href=\"https:\/\/pages.stolaf.edu\/lwf-refugee-service\/exile\/\">DP Stories<\/a><\/li>\n\t<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-4193\" class=\"et_pb_menu_page_id-4193 menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children menu-item-4193\"><a href=\"#\">Resettlement<\/a>\n\t<ul class=\"sub-menu\">\n\t\t<li id=\"menu-item-1066\" class=\"et_pb_menu_page_id-1064 menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-1066\"><a href=\"https:\/\/pages.stolaf.edu\/lwf-refugee-service\/resettlement\/\">Overview<\/a><\/li>\n\t\t<li id=\"menu-item-5790\" class=\"et_pb_menu_page_id-4821 menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-5790\"><a href=\"https:\/\/pages.stolaf.edu\/lwf-refugee-service\/challenges\/\">Challenges<\/a><\/li>\n\t\t<li id=\"menu-item-6201\" class=\"et_pb_menu_page_id-4838 menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-6201\"><a href=\"https:\/\/pages.stolaf.edu\/lwf-refugee-service\/arrival-and-adjustment\/\">Arrival and Adjustment<\/a><\/li>\n\t<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-240\" class=\"et_pb_menu_page_id-236 menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children menu-item-240\"><a href=\"https:\/\/pages.stolaf.edu\/lwf-refugee-service\/international-cooperations\/\">International Cooperation<\/a>\n\t<ul class=\"sub-menu\">\n\t\t<li id=\"menu-item-2034\" class=\"et_pb_menu_page_id-2014 menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-2034\"><a href=\"https:\/\/pages.stolaf.edu\/lwf-refugee-service\/cralog\/\">CRALOG<\/a><\/li>\n\t\t<li id=\"menu-item-680\" class=\"et_pb_menu_page_id-644 menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-680\"><a href=\"https:\/\/pages.stolaf.edu\/lwf-refugee-service\/iro-unrra\/\">UNRRA and IRO<\/a><\/li>\n\t\t<li id=\"menu-item-949\" class=\"et_pb_menu_page_id-942 menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-949\"><a href=\"https:\/\/pages.stolaf.edu\/lwf-refugee-service\/u-s-immigration-policies\/\">U.S. Immigration Policies<\/a><\/li>\n\t\t<li id=\"menu-item-1792\" class=\"et_pb_menu_page_id-1759 menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-1792\"><a href=\"https:\/\/pages.stolaf.edu\/lwf-refugee-service\/american-lutheran-aid\/\">American Lutheran Aid<\/a><\/li>\n\t\t<li id=\"menu-item-1473\" class=\"et_pb_menu_page_id-1467 menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-1473\"><a href=\"https:\/\/pages.stolaf.edu\/lwf-refugee-service\/joint-christian-collaboration\/\">Joint Christian Collaboration<\/a><\/li>\n\t<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-252\" class=\"et_pb_menu_page_id-249 menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children menu-item-252\"><a href=\"https:\/\/pages.stolaf.edu\/lwf-refugee-service\/refugee-services\/\">Refugee Services<\/a>\n\t<ul class=\"sub-menu\">\n\t\t<li id=\"menu-item-1541\" class=\"et_pb_menu_page_id-1521 menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-1541\"><a href=\"https:\/\/pages.stolaf.edu\/lwf-refugee-service\/support-programs\/\">Support Programs<\/a><\/li>\n\t\t<li id=\"menu-item-982\" class=\"et_pb_menu_page_id-966 menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-982\"><a href=\"https:\/\/pages.stolaf.edu\/lwf-refugee-service\/lwf-sr-staff\/\">LWF-SR Staff<\/a><\/li>\n\t<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"menu-item-135\" class=\"et_pb_menu_page_id-135 menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children menu-item-135\"><a href=\"#\">Media Gallery<\/a>\n<ul class=\"sub-menu\">\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-216\" class=\"et_pb_menu_page_id-206 menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-216\"><a href=\"https:\/\/pages.stolaf.edu\/lwf-refugee-service\/news-clippings\/\">News Clippings<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-980\" class=\"et_pb_menu_page_id-974 menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-980\"><a href=\"https:\/\/pages.stolaf.edu\/lwf-refugee-service\/map-room-2\/\">Map Room<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-1599\" class=\"et_pb_menu_page_id-169 menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-1599\"><a href=\"https:\/\/pages.stolaf.edu\/lwf-refugee-service\/photo-gallery\/\">Photo Gallery<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-173\" class=\"et_pb_menu_page_id-171 menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-173\"><a href=\"https:\/\/pages.stolaf.edu\/lwf-refugee-service\/film-archive\/\">Film Archive<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"menu-item-124\" class=\"et_pb_menu_page_id-124 menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children menu-item-124\"><a>Resources<\/a>\n<ul class=\"sub-menu\">\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-214\" class=\"et_pb_menu_page_id-212 menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-214\"><a href=\"https:\/\/pages.stolaf.edu\/lwf-refugee-service\/key-terms\/\">Key Terms<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-774\" class=\"et_pb_menu_page_id-39 menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-774\"><a href=\"https:\/\/pages.stolaf.edu\/lwf-refugee-service\/research-resources\/\">Research Resources<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-4408\" class=\"et_pb_menu_page_id-4408 menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-4408\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wp.stolaf.edu\/news\/a-lutheran-commitment-to-supporting-refugees\">Project Origin<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-4431\" class=\"et_pb_menu_page_id-4431 menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children menu-item-4431\"><a href=\"#\">Research Team<\/a>\n\t<ul class=\"sub-menu\">\n\t\t<li id=\"menu-item-4186\" class=\"et_pb_menu_page_id-4186 menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-4186\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.stolaf.edu\/profile\/randal2\/\">Project Director<\/a><\/li>\n\t\t<li id=\"menu-item-4183\" class=\"et_pb_menu_page_id-4183 menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children menu-item-4183\"><a href=\"https:\/\/pages.stolaf.edu\/lwf-refugee-service\/about-us\/\">CURI 2023\/24<\/a>\n\t\t<ul class=\"sub-menu\">\n\t\t\t<li id=\"menu-item-521\" class=\"et_pb_menu_page_id-449 menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-521\"><a href=\"https:\/\/pages.stolaf.edu\/lwf-refugee-service\/xiaoyang-hu\/\">Xiaoyang Hu<\/a><\/li>\n\t\t\t<li id=\"menu-item-2644\" class=\"et_pb_menu_page_id-2632 menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-2644\"><a href=\"https:\/\/pages.stolaf.edu\/lwf-refugee-service\/anneke-shiller\/\">Anneke Shiller<\/a><\/li>\n\t\t\t<li id=\"menu-item-2667\" class=\"et_pb_menu_page_id-2662 menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-2667\"><a href=\"https:\/\/pages.stolaf.edu\/lwf-refugee-service\/natalie-wilson\/\">Natalie Wilson<\/a><\/li>\n\t\t\t<li id=\"menu-item-3877\" class=\"et_pb_menu_page_id-3872 menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-3877\"><a href=\"https:\/\/pages.stolaf.edu\/lwf-refugee-service\/sophia-hayes\/\">Sophia Hayes<\/a><\/li>\n\t\t<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\t\t<li id=\"menu-item-4442\" class=\"et_pb_menu_page_id-4438 menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children menu-item-4442\"><a href=\"https:\/\/pages.stolaf.edu\/lwf-refugee-service\/curi-2026\/\">CURI 2026<\/a>\n\t\t<ul class=\"sub-menu\">\n\t\t\t<li id=\"menu-item-5809\" class=\"et_pb_menu_page_id-5269 menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-5809\"><a href=\"https:\/\/pages.stolaf.edu\/lwf-refugee-service\/sydney-hugdahl\/\">Sydney Hugdahl<\/a><\/li>\n\t\t\t<li id=\"menu-item-5689\" class=\"et_pb_menu_page_id-5483 menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-5689\"><a href=\"https:\/\/pages.stolaf.edu\/lwf-refugee-service\/ella-nielsen\/\">Ella Nielsen<\/a><\/li>\n\t\t\t<li id=\"menu-item-6001\" class=\"et_pb_menu_page_id-5845 menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-6001\"><a href=\"https:\/\/pages.stolaf.edu\/lwf-refugee-service\/dionna-uzueta-lucio\/\">Dionna Uzueta Lucio<\/a><\/li>\n\t\t<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\t\t<li id=\"menu-item-6033\" class=\"et_pb_menu_page_id-6020 menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-6033\"><a href=\"https:\/\/pages.stolaf.edu\/lwf-refugee-service\/other-contributors\/\">Further Contributors<\/a><\/li>\n\t<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul><\/nav>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"et_mobile_nav_menu\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"mobile_nav closed\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"mobile_menu_bar\"><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/div><div class=\"et_d4_element et_pb_section et_pb_section_2 et_pb_with_background  et_pb_css_mix_blend_mode et_section_regular et_block_section\" >\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"et_d4_element et_pb_row et_pb_row_0  et_pb_css_mix_blend_mode et_block_row\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"et_d4_element et_pb_column_1_2 et_pb_column et_pb_column_0  et_pb_css_mix_blend_mode et_block_column\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"et_pb_module et_d4_element et_pb_text et_pb_text_0  et_pb_text_align_left et_pb_bg_layout_light\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"et_pb_text_inner\"><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">When appointed to be first president of the Lutheran World Federation in 1947, Anders Nygren admitted to the convention, <span style=\"color: #8b2230;\"><strong>\u201cthe work is great and we are small.\u201d<\/strong><\/span><span style=\"font-size: small;\"><a href=\"#fn\" style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><span style=\"font-family: ABeeZee; font-weight: normal;\">1<\/span><\/a><\/span>\u00a0For the Lutheran World Federation Service to Refugees, the scene on the ground that first year was overwhelming. The so-called DP Camps were overcrowded, and the people were restless, hungry, sick, and weary. But, as documented in this section, LWF-SR staff <span style=\"color: #8b2230;\">aim<\/span>ed to match their <span style=\"color: #8b2230;\">support<\/span> to the spiritual, personal, and physical <span style=\"color: #8b2230;\">needs<\/span> at hand.<\/span><\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div><div class=\"et_d4_element et_pb_column_1_2 et_pb_column et_pb_column_1  et_pb_css_mix_blend_mode et-last-child et_block_column\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"et_pb_module et_d4_element et_pb_image et_pb_image_0\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/pages.stolaf.edu\/lwf-refugee-service\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1702\/2023\/07\/Lubeck-Office-rotated.jpg\" class=\"et_pb_lightbox_image\" title=\"Original Caption: &quot;As Lutheran World Federation secretary in the important Schlegswig-Holstein area office at L\u00fcbeck, Ernst V\u00e4hl has often managed most of the work alone when the area director has been called elsewhere. He has an assurance from the National Lutheran Council.&quot;\"><span class=\"et_pb_image_wrap has-box-shadow-overlay\"><div class=\"box-shadow-overlay\"><\/div><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1060\" height=\"843\" src=\"https:\/\/pages.stolaf.edu\/lwf-refugee-service\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1702\/2023\/07\/Lubeck-Office-rotated.jpg\" alt=\"Original Caption: &quot;As Lutheran World Federation secretary in the important Schlegswig-Holstein area office at L\u00fcbeck, Ernst V\u00e4hl has often managed most of the work alone when the area director has been called elsewhere. He has an assurance from the National Lutheran Council.&quot;\" title=\"L\u00fcbeck Office\" srcset=\"https:\/\/pages.stolaf.edu\/lwf-refugee-service\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1702\/2023\/07\/Lubeck-Office-rotated.jpg 1060w, https:\/\/pages.stolaf.edu\/lwf-refugee-service\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1702\/2023\/07\/Lubeck-Office-980x779.jpg 980w, https:\/\/pages.stolaf.edu\/lwf-refugee-service\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1702\/2023\/07\/Lubeck-Office-480x382.jpg 480w\" sizes=\"(min-width: 0px) and (max-width: 480px) 480px, (min-width: 481px) and (max-width: 980px) 980px, (min-width: 981px) 1060px, 100vw\" class=\"wp-image-810\" \/><\/span><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/div><div class=\"et_d4_element et_pb_row et_pb_row_1  et_pb_css_mix_blend_mode et_block_row\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"et_d4_element et_pb_column_4_4 et_pb_column et_pb_column_2  et_pb_css_mix_blend_mode et-last-child et_block_column\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"aim\" class=\"et_pb_module et_d4_element et_pb_text et_pb_text_1  et_pb_text_align_left et_pb_bg_layout_light\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"et_pb_text_inner\"><h1 style=\"text-align: center;\">Aim<\/h1><\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/div><div class=\"et_d4_element et_pb_section et_pb_section_3 et_pb_with_background  et_pb_css_mix_blend_mode et_section_regular section_has_divider et_pb_top_divider et_block_section\" >\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"et_pb_top_inside_divider et-no-transition\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"et_d4_element et_pb_row et_pb_row_2  et_pb_css_mix_blend_mode et_block_row\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"et_d4_element et_pb_column_4_4 et_pb_column et_pb_column_3  et_pb_css_mix_blend_mode et-last-child et_block_column et_pb_column_empty\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/div><div class=\"et_d4_element et_pb_row et_pb_row_3  et_pb_css_mix_blend_mode et_block_row\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"et_d4_element et_pb_column_2_3 et_pb_column et_pb_column_4  et_pb_css_mix_blend_mode et_block_column\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"et_pb_module et_d4_element et_pb_text et_pb_text_2  et_pb_text_align_left et_pb_bg_layout_light\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"et_pb_text_inner\"><h2 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400; color: #8b2230;\">\u201cWe can never be a Moses but rather an Aaron helping Moses hold up his arm.\"<\/span><span style=\"text-decoration: underline; font-size: small;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400; color: #2ea3f2; text-decoration: underline;\"><a href=\"#fn\" style=\"color: #2ea3f2; text-decoration: underline;\">2<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400; color: #8b2230;\"><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">To understand the aim of the Lutheran World Federation Service to Refugees (LWF-SR), one must first understand the situation of displaced pastors and the <a href=\"https:\/\/pages.stolaf.edu\/lwf-refugee-service\/churches-in-exile\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\"Churches in Exile\"<\/a> that gathered in the DP camps where the LWF-SR staff offered their service.<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Like Aaron did for Moses in the Book of Exodus (Exodus 17:12), LWF-SR structured its work around the Churches in Exile and displaced pastors to lift them up to thrive self-sufficiently. The LWF-SR accomplished this by recruiting displaced pastors for their team, including Bruno Ederma (congregational care), <span>Edmunds \u0160mits<\/span> (Imbshausen Lutheran Study Center program director), and Janis Rozentals (chaplaincy service), to direct support. The LWF-SR also obtained other crucial supplies for pastors servicing their churches, such as communion packets and printing services to publish Bibles, catechisms, and hymnals in the communities\u2019 languages. In this way, the LWF-SR acted as Aaron, the support, but not the main figure of this chapter of the history of the Churches <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">in Exile.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><\/span><\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div><div class=\"et_pb_button_module_wrapper et_pb_button_0_wrapper et_pb_button_alignment_center et_pb_module \">\n\t\t\t\t<a class=\"et_pb_button et_d4_element et_pb_button_0 et_pb_bg_layout_light et_block_module\" href=\"https:\/\/pages.stolaf.edu\/lwf-refugee-service\/lwf-sr-staff\/\" target=\"_blank\">Learn more about the Staff<\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div><div class=\"et_d4_element et_pb_column_1_3 et_pb_column et_pb_column_5  et_pb_css_mix_blend_mode et-last-child et_block_column\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"et_pb_module et_d4_element et_pb_image et_pb_image_1\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/pages.stolaf.edu\/lwf-refugee-service\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1702\/2023\/07\/Raudsepp-Among-Children.jpg\" class=\"et_pb_lightbox_image\" title=\"Original Caption: &quot;Pastor K. Raudsepp among the Sunday-school children.&quot;\"><span class=\"et_pb_image_wrap has-box-shadow-overlay\"><div class=\"box-shadow-overlay\"><\/div><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"499\" height=\"799\" src=\"https:\/\/pages.stolaf.edu\/lwf-refugee-service\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1702\/2023\/07\/Raudsepp-Among-Children.jpg\" alt=\"Original Caption: &quot;Pastor K. Raudsepp among the Sunday-school children.&quot;\" title=\"Raudsepp among Sunday School Children\" srcset=\"https:\/\/pages.stolaf.edu\/lwf-refugee-service\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1702\/2023\/07\/Raudsepp-Among-Children.jpg 499w, https:\/\/pages.stolaf.edu\/lwf-refugee-service\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1702\/2023\/07\/Raudsepp-Among-Children-480x769.jpg 480w\" sizes=\"(min-width: 0px) and (max-width: 480px) 480px, (min-width: 481px) 499px, 100vw\" class=\"wp-image-823\" \/><\/span><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/div><div class=\"et_d4_element et_pb_row et_pb_row_4  et_pb_css_mix_blend_mode et_block_row\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"et_d4_element et_pb_column_4_4 et_pb_column et_pb_column_6  et_pb_css_mix_blend_mode et-last-child et_block_column\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"et_pb_module et_d4_element et_pb_divider et_pb_divider_0 et_pb_space\"><div class=\"et_pb_divider_internal\"><\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/div><div class=\"et_d4_element et_pb_section et_pb_section_4 et_pb_with_background  et_pb_css_mix_blend_mode et_section_regular et_block_section\" >\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"et_d4_element et_pb_row et_pb_row_5  et_pb_css_mix_blend_mode et_block_row\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"et_d4_element et_pb_column_1_2 et_pb_column et_pb_column_7  et_pb_css_mix_blend_mode et_block_column\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"et_pb_module et_d4_element et_pb_image et_pb_image_2\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/pages.stolaf.edu\/lwf-refugee-service\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1702\/2023\/07\/French-Zone-Hardship-Cases-rotated-e1689973329555.jpg\" class=\"et_pb_lightbox_image\" title=\"Original Caption: &quot;LWF hardship packages creates happiness for grandma and children.&quot;\"><span class=\"et_pb_image_wrap has-box-shadow-overlay\"><div class=\"box-shadow-overlay\"><\/div><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"607\" height=\"405\" src=\"https:\/\/pages.stolaf.edu\/lwf-refugee-service\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1702\/2023\/07\/French-Zone-Hardship-Cases-rotated-e1689973329555.jpg\" alt=\"Original Caption: &quot;LWF hardship packages creates happiness for grandma and children.&quot;\" title=\"French Zone Hardship Cases\" class=\"wp-image-1029\" \/><\/span><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div><div class=\"et_pb_module et_d4_element et_pb_text et_pb_text_3  et_pb_text_align_left et_pb_bg_layout_light\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"et_pb_text_inner\"><h1 style=\"text-align: center;\">\"The church must go to the church.\"<\/h1>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u201cThe Aim\u2013Ministry of the Lutheran Churches on Behalf of Lutheran Churches-in-Exile and their<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> People\"<a href=\"#fn\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">3<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span><\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div><div class=\"et_d4_element et_pb_column_1_2 et_pb_column et_pb_column_8  et_pb_css_mix_blend_mode et-last-child et_block_column\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"et_pb_module et_d4_element et_pb_text et_pb_text_4  et_pb_text_align_left et_pb_bg_layout_light\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"et_pb_text_inner\"><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">However, this motif of an Aaron-Moses relationship is a later addition in a larger imagined aim and history of LWF-SR work. <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Even before the official constitution of the Lutheran World Federation, LWF-SR work had already unofficially begun through the dedicated work of Dr. Michelfelder, Dr. Bodensieck, Dr. Clifford Nelson, and Rev. Carl Schaffnit. These forerunners set the groundwork for Howard\u00a0 Hong and his two student volunteers, Kenneth Senft and James V. Anderson, who set the work of LWF-SR to work on the ground starting in summer of 1947.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Starting off running, these people embodied the concept of <span style=\"color: #8b2230;\">\u201c<\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #8b2230;\"><b>the church must go to the church,\u201d<\/b><\/span><a href=\"#fn\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\">3<\/span><\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0an idea emphasized at the Lund convention where the Lutheran World Federation was created. As their work progressed, they began to focus more on being <\/span><span style=\"color: #8b2230;\"><b>\u201cof assistance to the refugee pastors in carrying out their ministry,\u201d<\/b><\/span><a href=\"#fn\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\">4<\/span><\/span><\/a> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">not necessarily being the only aid to camp congregations<\/span><b>.<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> It simply took the work and flexibility of these forerunners and teams to find the core purpose of their work: of being an Aaron.<\/span><\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/div><div class=\"et_d4_element et_pb_row et_pb_row_6  et_pb_css_mix_blend_mode et_block_row\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"et_d4_element et_pb_column_4_4 et_pb_column et_pb_column_9  et_pb_css_mix_blend_mode et-last-child et_block_column\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"needs\" class=\"et_pb_module et_d4_element et_pb_text et_pb_text_5  et_pb_text_align_left et_pb_bg_layout_light\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/div><div id=\"needs-refugee\" class=\"et_pb_module et_d4_element et_pb_text et_pb_text_6  et_pb_text_align_left et_pb_bg_layout_light\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"et_pb_text_inner\"><h1 style=\"text-align: center;\">Needs<\/h1><\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/div><div class=\"et_d4_element et_pb_section et_pb_section_5 et_pb_with_background  et_pb_css_mix_blend_mode et_section_regular section_has_divider et_pb_top_divider et_block_section\" >\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"et_pb_top_inside_divider et-no-transition\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"et_pb_with_border et_d4_element et_pb_row et_pb_row_7  et_pb_css_mix_blend_mode et_block_row\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"et_d4_element et_pb_column_4_4 et_pb_column et_pb_column_10  et_pb_css_mix_blend_mode et-last-child et_block_column\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"et_pb_module et_d4_element et_pb_text et_pb_text_7  et_pb_text_align_left et_pb_bg_layout_light\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"et_pb_text_inner\"><p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Need begins, first, with the person in need. Lutherans living in displaced persons camps in occupied Germany and Austria included three main groups of people receiving LWF-SR aid: <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">pastors, \u201cspecial hardship cases,\u201d and the everyday person.<\/span> Each group involved a particular situation with specific aid, but regardless of specifics, all were in dire need of spiritual and material support during this time.<span style=\"text-decoration: underline; color: #2ea3f2; font-size: small;\"><a href=\"#fn\" style=\"color: #2ea3f2; text-decoration: underline;\">5<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/div><div class=\"et_d4_element et_pb_row et_pb_row_8  et_pb_css_mix_blend_mode et_block_row\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"et_d4_element et_pb_column_1_3 et_pb_column et_pb_column_11  et_pb_css_mix_blend_mode et_block_column\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"et_pb_module et_d4_element et_pb_text et_pb_text_8  et_pb_text_align_left et_pb_bg_layout_light\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"et_pb_text_inner\"><h3>Pastors' Needs<\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">After suffering religious persecution under Soviet Union control, pastors were in need of a break they did not receive. More often than not, pastors were left without or with little pay for their work in IRO\/displaced persons camps, leaving them with less food and supplies. Their underpaid work also included servicing and traveling to multiple congregations due to limited religious leadership. For instance, Pastor Alexander Abel traveled by rail 12,515 kilometers in one year to minister to various Estonian congregations.<span style=\"text-decoration: underline; font-size: small;\"><a href=\"#fn\"><span style=\"color: #2ea3f2; text-decoration: underline;\">6<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Additionally, these pastors were often left with inadequate space and religious literature to even hold a service. With travel costs high, an unequal pastor to congregation ratio, sparse religious materials, and little food, pastors were struggling to make ends meet.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><\/span><\/p>\n<h2><span style=\"font-weight: 400; color: #8b2230;\">\u201cEven our pastors are broken and dismayed men.\u201d<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400; color: #8b2230;\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline; color: #2ea3f2;\"><\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400; color: #000000; font-size: small;\"><span>Edmunds \u0160mits<\/span>, Imbshausen program director<a href=\"#fn\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">7<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div><div class=\"et_pb_module et_d4_element et_pb_image et_pb_image_3\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/pages.stolaf.edu\/lwf-refugee-service\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1702\/2023\/07\/Handicrafts.jpg\" class=\"et_pb_lightbox_image\" title=\"Original Caption: &quot;In the Rehabilitation Center for wounded war veterans among the Displaced Persons in the British Zone, these men learn the silversmith&#039;s art. All men in the picture are amputees, whos hope for the future depends not only on their willingness to work, but on someone giving them an opportunity.&quot;\"><span class=\"et_pb_image_wrap has-box-shadow-overlay\"><div class=\"box-shadow-overlay\"><\/div><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"971\" height=\"729\" src=\"https:\/\/pages.stolaf.edu\/lwf-refugee-service\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1702\/2023\/07\/Handicrafts.jpg\" alt=\"Original Caption: &quot;In the Rehabilitation Center for wounded war veterans among the Displaced Persons in the British Zone, these men learn the silversmith&#039;s art. All men in the picture are amputees, whos hope for the future depends not only on their willingness to work, but on someone giving them an opportunity.&quot;\" title=\"Rehabilitation Center for Wounded War Veterans\" srcset=\"https:\/\/pages.stolaf.edu\/lwf-refugee-service\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1702\/2023\/07\/Handicrafts.jpg 971w, https:\/\/pages.stolaf.edu\/lwf-refugee-service\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1702\/2023\/07\/Handicrafts-480x360.jpg 480w\" sizes=\"(min-width: 0px) and (max-width: 480px) 480px, (min-width: 481px) 971px, 100vw\" class=\"wp-image-821\" \/><\/span><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div><div class=\"et_d4_element et_pb_column_1_3 et_pb_column et_pb_column_12  et_pb_css_mix_blend_mode et_block_column\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"et_pb_module et_d4_element et_pb_image et_pb_image_4\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/pages.stolaf.edu\/lwf-refugee-service\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1702\/2023\/07\/Pastors-on-Bikes-rotated.jpg\" class=\"et_pb_lightbox_image\" title=\"Original Caption: &quot;Serving the widely scattered and often destitute Hungarian Lutheran and Reformed church members in diaspora in the British Zone is made easier for Pastor Gy\u00f6z\u00f6 Orth and Deacon Bertalan Arkossy by the gift of a bicycle from Christian friends in America. They are shown setting out to visit members in little villages in the Harz mountains, after a stop-cover at the Lutheran Study Center at Imbshausen.&quot;\"><span class=\"et_pb_image_wrap has-box-shadow-overlay\"><div class=\"box-shadow-overlay\"><\/div><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1016\" height=\"854\" src=\"https:\/\/pages.stolaf.edu\/lwf-refugee-service\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1702\/2023\/07\/Pastors-on-Bikes-rotated.jpg\" alt=\"Original Caption: &quot;Serving the widely scattered and often destitute Hungarian Lutheran and Reformed church members in diaspora in the British Zone is made easier for Pastor Gy\u00f6z\u00f6 Orth and Deacon Bertalan Arkossy by the gift of a bicycle from Christian friends in America. They are shown setting out to visit members in little villages in the Harz mountains, after a stop-cover at the Lutheran Study Center at Imbshausen.&quot;\" title=\"Hungarian Pastors with Donated Bikes\" srcset=\"https:\/\/pages.stolaf.edu\/lwf-refugee-service\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1702\/2023\/07\/Pastors-on-Bikes-rotated.jpg 1016w, https:\/\/pages.stolaf.edu\/lwf-refugee-service\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1702\/2023\/07\/Pastors-on-Bikes-980x824.jpg 980w, https:\/\/pages.stolaf.edu\/lwf-refugee-service\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1702\/2023\/07\/Pastors-on-Bikes-480x403.jpg 480w\" sizes=\"(min-width: 0px) and (max-width: 480px) 480px, (min-width: 481px) and (max-width: 980px) 980px, (min-width: 981px) 1016px, 100vw\" class=\"wp-image-814\" \/><\/span><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div><div class=\"et_pb_module et_d4_element et_pb_text et_pb_text_9  et_pb_text_align_left et_pb_bg_layout_light\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"et_pb_text_inner\"><h3>\"Special Hardship Cases\"<\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">As defined by an U.S. area director, Reuben Baetz, \u201cspecial hardship\u201d cases include those that are<strong> <span style=\"color: #8b2230;\">\u201csickly babies, widows with children, and\u2013later on\u2013the chronically sick or ex-TB cases\u201d <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #8b2230;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">as well as those disabled from World War II and elderly refugees.<span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><a href=\"#fn\"><span style=\"color: #2ea3f2; text-decoration: underline;\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\">8<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00a0In post World War II Germany, tuberculosis and rickets were rampant among camp populations due to deficiency in diet. Many men had lost limbs to the war and many women, left now as single mothers, lost husbands. Also, while the 1948 Currency and Economic Reform benefited those that could work, many considered \u201cspecial hardship\u201d cases were left worse off. In the end, extra food and medicine were a dire need for \u201cspecial hardship\u201d cases.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div><div class=\"et_d4_element et_pb_column_1_3 et_pb_column et_pb_column_13  et_pb_css_mix_blend_mode et-last-child et_block_column\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"et_pb_module et_d4_element et_pb_text et_pb_text_10  et_pb_text_align_left et_pb_bg_layout_light\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"et_pb_text_inner\"><h3>The Everyday Person<\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The position refugees found themselves in by 1947 was one Edna and Howard Hong described as <span style=\"color: #8b2230;\"><strong>\u201ca marriage to idleness\u201d<\/strong> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">with <\/span><strong>\u201csuddenly having no purpose but to keep from the grave.<\/strong><strong>\u201d<\/strong><\/span><span style=\"text-decoration: underline; color: #2ea3f2;\"><a href=\"#fn\" style=\"color: #2ea3f2; text-decoration: underline;\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\">9<\/span><\/a><\/span>\u00a0Refugees were stuck in a position of both being stateless in a strange place and having little sense of purpose. In camps, food was redundant and insufficient. Jobs were not always available, especially those in the fields they were in before. Cultural and religious events were organized but with limited resources. Money had no real use and the black market was pervasive. Families were stuck in cramped living quarters with communal bathrooms and kitchens. Lastly, resettlement was both a desire but also a concept that felt very unachievable. Clinging to one\u2019s faith and hope proved to be a struggle for every refugee amidst this chaotic world quite unlike home.<\/span><\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div><div class=\"et_pb_module et_d4_element et_pb_image et_pb_image_5\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/pages.stolaf.edu\/lwf-refugee-service\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1702\/2023\/07\/Family-at-Camp-Grohn-rotated.jpg\" class=\"et_pb_lightbox_image\" title=\"Original Caption: &quot;Olgerts Lagzdins (left) visits his wife Vera (31) and son Gunars, 8, in one of the women&#039;s barracks shortly after their arrival at Camp Grohn embarkment center from an American zone resettlement center. Lagdzins, 35, is a graduate engineer who received an assurance through the Lutheran World Federation for a job (as technician) with Allis Chalmers Mfg. Co. in Milwaukee. Parents and brothers of both and sister of Mrs. Lagdzins were deported from Latvia to Siberia by the Russians.&quot;\"><span class=\"et_pb_image_wrap has-box-shadow-overlay\"><div class=\"box-shadow-overlay\"><\/div><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"986\" height=\"734\" src=\"https:\/\/pages.stolaf.edu\/lwf-refugee-service\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1702\/2023\/07\/Family-at-Camp-Grohn-rotated.jpg\" alt=\"Original Caption: &quot;Olgerts Lagzdins (left) visits his wife Vera (31) and son Gunars, 8, in one of the women&#039;s barracks shortly after their arrival at Camp Grohn embarkment center from an American zone resettlement center. Lagdzins, 35, is a graduate engineer who received an assurance through the Lutheran World Federation for a job (as technician) with Allis Chalmers Mfg. Co. in Milwaukee. Parents and brothers of both and sister of Mrs. Lagdzins were deported from Latvia to Siberia by the Russians.&quot;\" title=\"Family at Camp Grohn\" srcset=\"https:\/\/pages.stolaf.edu\/lwf-refugee-service\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1702\/2023\/07\/Family-at-Camp-Grohn-rotated.jpg 986w, https:\/\/pages.stolaf.edu\/lwf-refugee-service\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1702\/2023\/07\/Family-at-Camp-Grohn-980x730.jpg 980w, https:\/\/pages.stolaf.edu\/lwf-refugee-service\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1702\/2023\/07\/Family-at-Camp-Grohn-480x357.jpg 480w\" sizes=\"(min-width: 0px) and (max-width: 480px) 480px, (min-width: 481px) and (max-width: 980px) 980px, (min-width: 981px) 986px, 100vw\" class=\"wp-image-812\" \/><\/span><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div><div class=\"et_pb_module et_d4_element et_pb_text et_pb_text_11  et_pb_text_align_left et_pb_bg_layout_light\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"et_pb_text_inner\"><h2><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\"An atmosphere of constant anxiety of new hopes changing with hopelessness.\u201d<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline; color: #2ea3f2;\"><\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">H. Pullerits, on what an IRO resettlement center is like<a href=\"#fn\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">10<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/div><div class=\"et_d4_element et_pb_section et_pb_section_6 et_pb_with_background  et_pb_css_mix_blend_mode et_section_regular et_block_section\" >\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"et_d4_element et_pb_row et_pb_row_9  et_pb_css_mix_blend_mode et_block_row\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"et_d4_element et_pb_column_4_4 et_pb_column et_pb_column_14  et_pb_css_mix_blend_mode et-last-child et_block_column\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"support\" class=\"et_pb_module et_d4_element et_pb_text et_pb_text_12  et_pb_text_align_left et_pb_bg_layout_light\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"et_pb_text_inner\"><p style=\"text-align: center;\">Support<\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/div><div class=\"et_d4_element et_pb_section et_pb_section_7 et_pb_with_background  et_pb_css_mix_blend_mode et_section_regular section_has_divider et_pb_top_divider et_block_section\" >\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"et_pb_top_inside_divider et-no-transition\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"et_d4_element et_pb_row et_pb_row_10  et_pb_css_mix_blend_mode et_block_row\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"et_d4_element et_pb_column_1_3 et_pb_column et_pb_column_15  et_pb_css_mix_blend_mode et_block_column\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"et_pb_module et_d4_element et_pb_image et_pb_image_6\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/pages.stolaf.edu\/lwf-refugee-service\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1702\/2023\/07\/Anderson_Badge_Lightened.jpg\" class=\"et_pb_lightbox_image\" title=\"LWF-SR Worker Identification 1947\"><span class=\"et_pb_image_wrap \"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"836\" height=\"846\" src=\"https:\/\/pages.stolaf.edu\/lwf-refugee-service\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1702\/2023\/07\/Anderson_Badge_Lightened.jpg\" alt=\"LWF-SR Worker Identification 1947\" title=\"Anderson_Badge_Lightened\" srcset=\"https:\/\/pages.stolaf.edu\/lwf-refugee-service\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1702\/2023\/07\/Anderson_Badge_Lightened.jpg 836w, https:\/\/pages.stolaf.edu\/lwf-refugee-service\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1702\/2023\/07\/Anderson_Badge_Lightened-480x486.jpg 480w\" sizes=\"(min-width: 0px) and (max-width: 480px) 480px, (min-width: 481px) 836px, 100vw\" class=\"wp-image-1560\" \/><\/span><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div><div class=\"et_pb_button_module_wrapper et_pb_button_1_wrapper et_pb_button_alignment_center et_pb_module \">\n\t\t\t\t<a class=\"et_pb_button et_d4_element et_pb_button_1 et_pb_bg_layout_light et_block_module\" href=\"https:\/\/pages.stolaf.edu\/lwf-refugee-service\/support-programs\/\" target=\"_blank\">Learn more about the Programs<\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div><div class=\"et_d4_element et_pb_column_2_3 et_pb_column et_pb_column_16  et_pb_css_mix_blend_mode et-last-child et_block_column\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"et_pb_module et_d4_element et_pb_text et_pb_text_13  et_pb_text_align_left et_pb_bg_layout_light\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"et_pb_text_inner\"><p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">As shown above, needs are complex, ever-changing, and specific. As a result, LWF-SR had to organize itself according to the needs at hand. To do this, they centralized on two main types of needs: spiritual and material. With an understanding of the many physical needs at hand (additional food, medicine, and clothing) and a desire to spiritually uplift their brothers and sisters, LWF-SR created around <strong><span style=\"color: #8b2230;\">five main programs<\/span><\/strong> (congregational care, the chaplaincy service, study centers, religious education, and resettlement) <strong><span style=\"color: #8b2230;\">with three companion programs<\/span><\/strong> (youth work, publications, and student work). <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">These programs allowed for religious life in camps to be more consistent and attended to, for pastors to get those additional supplies they need, and for people to be nourished appropriately.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><\/span><\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/div><div class=\"et_d4_element et_pb_row et_pb_row_11  et_pb_css_mix_blend_mode et_block_row\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"et_d4_element et_pb_column_2_5 et_pb_column et_pb_column_17  et_pb_css_mix_blend_mode et_block_column\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"et_pb_module et_d4_element et_pb_text et_pb_text_14  et_pb_text_align_left et_pb_bg_layout_light\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"et_pb_text_inner\"><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">But this is not to say the programs were perfectly organized or ran smoothly each time. The resettlement program alone faced plenty of challenges with immigration laws, problems with documentation, and issues with travel costs. Also, suffice it to say, the program started off running but not organizing. Overlap between programs and people filling multiple roles were often occurrences, and policy complications needed to be solved. Nonetheless, led by an impressive staff, these programs still found a way to support the Churches in Exile the best they could.\u00a0<\/span><\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div><div class=\"et_d4_element et_pb_column_3_5 et_pb_column et_pb_column_18  et_pb_css_mix_blend_mode et-last-child et_block_column\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"et_pb_module et_d4_element et_pb_image et_pb_image_7\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/pages.stolaf.edu\/lwf-refugee-service\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1702\/2023\/07\/French-Zone-chaplaincy-rotated-e1690474536949.jpg\" class=\"et_pb_lightbox_image\" title=\"Original Caption: &quot;Pastor, church warden, and LWF representatives visiting invalid people.&quot;\"><span class=\"et_pb_image_wrap has-box-shadow-overlay\"><div class=\"box-shadow-overlay\"><\/div><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"604\" height=\"405\" src=\"https:\/\/pages.stolaf.edu\/lwf-refugee-service\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1702\/2023\/07\/French-Zone-chaplaincy-rotated-e1690474536949.jpg\" alt=\"Original Caption: &quot;Pastor, church warden, and LWF representatives visiting invalid people.&quot;\" title=\"French Zone Chaplaincy Work\" srcset=\"https:\/\/pages.stolaf.edu\/lwf-refugee-service\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1702\/2023\/07\/French-Zone-chaplaincy-rotated-e1690474536949.jpg 604w, https:\/\/pages.stolaf.edu\/lwf-refugee-service\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1702\/2023\/07\/French-Zone-chaplaincy-rotated-e1690474536949-480x270.jpg 480w\" sizes=\"(min-width: 0px) and (max-width: 480px) 480px, (min-width: 481px) 604px, 100vw\" class=\"wp-image-1608\" \/><\/span><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/div><div id=\"fn\" class=\"et_d4_element et_pb_section et_pb_section_8 et_pb_with_background  et_pb_css_mix_blend_mode et_section_regular et_block_section\" >\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"et_d4_element et_pb_row et_pb_row_12  et_pb_css_mix_blend_mode et_block_row\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"et_d4_element et_pb_column_4_4 et_pb_column et_pb_column_19  et_pb_css_mix_blend_mode et-last-child et_block_column\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"et_pb_module et_d4_element et_pb_text et_pb_text_15  et_pb_text_align_left et_pb_bg_layout_light\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"et_pb_text_inner\"><h3 style=\"text-align: left;\">Sources<\/h3>\n<ol>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Lutheran World Federation Assembly, \u201cMinutes of the Convention,\u201d in <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The Proceedings of the Lutheran World Federation Assembly Lund, Sweden, June 30 \u2013 July 6, 1947<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> (Philadelphia: United Lutheran Publication House, 1948), 24.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Lutheran World Federation, \u201cThe Aim\u2013Ministry of the Lutheran Churches on Behalf of Lutheran Churches-in-Exile and their People,\u201d in <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Lutheran World Federation Service to Refugees in Germany 1947-1949. Materials for Report<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, vol. 1, ed. Howard Hong (1949), 194.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Lutheran World Federation, \u201cThe Aim\u2013Ministry of the Lutheran Churches on Behalf of Lutheran Churches-in-Exile and their People,\u201d\u00a0194.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Reuben C. Baetz, \u201cMinistering to the Displaced Persons in Germany\u201d in <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Service to Refugees, 1947-1952<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, (Geneva: Lutheran World Federation, 1952), 11.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">Sources that contributed to the background for the need's section: <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Reuben C. Baetz, \u201cMinistering to the Displaced Persons in Germany\u201d in <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Service to Refugees, 1947-1952<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, (Geneva: Lutheran World Federation, 1952); Betsy Barton, <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The Problem of 12 Million German Refugees in Today\u2019s Germany<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> (Philadelphia:\u00a0 American Friends Service Committee, 1949); <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Edna Hong and Howard Hong, \u201cI am a Stranger Here,\u201d 1947, Box 3, Folder 4, National Lutheran Council Division of Public Relations Correspondence Files Correspondence Files, 1947-1949, Archives of the Evangelical Lutheran Church in America, Chicago, United States; <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Lutheran World Federation Service to Refugees in Germany 1947-1949. Materials for Report<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, vol. 1, ed. Howard Hong (1949); Material Relief Germany Supplies, 1951 1949, Box 9, Folder 1, Lutheran World Federation\u00a0 Archive, Geneva; David Nasaw, T<\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">he Last Million: Europe\u2019s Displaced Persons from World War to Cold War<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, (New\u00a0 York: Penguin Press, 2020); Mark Wyman, <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">DP: Europe\u2019s Displaced Persons, 1945-1951<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> (Associated University Presses,\u00a0 Inc., 1989).\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">A. Hinno, \u201cReport of the Work of the Estonian Ev. Church in the U.S. and French Zones of Germany,\u201d in <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Lutheran World Federation Service<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, 68.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span>Edmunds \u0160mits<\/span>, \u201cThe Idea of Lutheran Study Center<\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">,<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u201d 1949, S 09 rep Nr. 394, Landeskirchliches Archiv, Hannover, Germany.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Baetz, \u201cMinistering\u201d in <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Service to Refugees<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, 14.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Edna Hong and Howard Hong, \u201cI am a Stranger Here,\u201d 1947, Box 3, Folder 4, National Lutheran Council Division of Public Relations Correspondence Files Correspondence Files, 1947-1949, Archives of the Evangelical Lutheran Church in America, Chicago, United States.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">H. Pullerits, \u201cMy Story for a Comprehensive Report,\u201d in <i>Lutheran World Federation Service<\/i>, 371.<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol><\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div><div class=\"et_pb_button_module_wrapper et_pb_button_2_wrapper et_pb_button_alignment_left et_pb_module \">\n\t\t\t\t<a class=\"et_pb_button et_d4_element et_pb_button_2 et_pb_bg_layout_light et_block_module\" href=\"https:\/\/acrobat.adobe.com\/link\/track?uri=urn%3Aaaid%3Ascds%3AUS%3Adc434d30-ecb3-3f3f-b2ee-9bfaa2ca6fae\" target=\"_blank\">Section Bibliography<\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/div><div class=\"et_d4_element et_pb_section et_pb_section_9 et_pb_with_background  et_pb_css_mix_blend_mode et_section_regular et_block_section\" >\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"et_d4_element et_pb_row et_pb_row_13  et_pb_css_mix_blend_mode et_block_row\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"et_d4_element et_pb_column_4_4 et_pb_column et_pb_column_20  et_pb_css_mix_blend_mode et-last-child et_block_column\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"et_pb_module et_d4_element et_pb_text et_pb_text_16  et_pb_text_align_left et_pb_bg_layout_light\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"et_pb_text_inner\"><h3 style=\"text-align: left;\">Images<\/h3>\n<ol>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">(Heading) Young girl with her family and an LWF officer looking at a woman writing on a typewriter, Lutheran World Federation. <em>Lutheran World Federation Service to Refugees 1947-1949. Photographic Section.<\/em> Edited by Howard V Hong. St. Olaf College, Northfield, MN, 1949. Used with permission of the Lutheran World Federation and Evangelical Lutheran Church in America.\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Man on phone in office with Lutheran World Federation flier on window, Lutheran World Federation Photographic Section, used with permission of the Lutheran World Federation and Evangelical Lutheran Church in America.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Pastor in black robes surrounded by children, Lutheran World Federation Photographic Section, used with permission of the Lutheran World Federation and Evangelical Lutheran Church in America.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Older woman with two children sitting next to a table full of supplies, Lutheran World Photographic Section, used with permission of the Lutheran World Federation and Evangelical Lutheran Church in America.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Two pastors holding bikes, Lutheran World Federation Photographic Section, used with permission of the Lutheran World Federation and Evangelical Lutheran Church in America.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Six men working at a table full of tools and jewelry, Lutheran World Federation Photographic Section, used with permission of the Lutheran World Federation and Evangelical Lutheran Church in America.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> One family of three sitting on a bed (left) and a mother feeding her child (right), Lutheran World Federation Photographic Section, used with permission of the Lutheran World Federation and Evangelical Lutheran Church in America.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u201cLutheran World Service\u201d badge, found in box 394, Landeskirchliches Archiv, used with permission of the Lutheran World Federation.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Six people in a hospital room with one in bed, Lutheran World Federation Photographic Section, used with permission of the Lutheran World Federation and Evangelical Lutheran Church in America.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol><\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/div><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":5123,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_et_pb_use_builder":"on","_et_pb_old_content":"","_et_gb_content_width":"","footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-249","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/pages.stolaf.edu\/lwf-refugee-service\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/249","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/pages.stolaf.edu\/lwf-refugee-service\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/pages.stolaf.edu\/lwf-refugee-service\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pages.stolaf.edu\/lwf-refugee-service\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/5123"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pages.stolaf.edu\/lwf-refugee-service\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=249"}],"version-history":[{"count":137,"href":"https:\/\/pages.stolaf.edu\/lwf-refugee-service\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/249\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":5184,"href":"https:\/\/pages.stolaf.edu\/lwf-refugee-service\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/249\/revisions\/5184"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/pages.stolaf.edu\/lwf-refugee-service\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=249"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}