{"id":236,"date":"2023-06-26T13:58:03","date_gmt":"2023-06-26T18:58:03","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/pages.stolaf.edu\/lwf-refugee-service\/?page_id=236"},"modified":"2026-07-01T15:18:55","modified_gmt":"2026-07-01T20:18:55","slug":"international-cooperations","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/pages.stolaf.edu\/lwf-refugee-service\/international-cooperations\/","title":{"rendered":"International Cooperation"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><div class=\"et_d4_element et_pb_section et_pb_section_0 et_pb_with_background  et_pb_css_mix_blend_mode et_section_regular et_block_section\" >\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"et_d4_element et_pb_row et_pb_row_0  et_pb_css_mix_blend_mode et_block_row\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"et_d4_element et_pb_column_4_4 et_pb_column et_pb_column_0  et_pb_css_mix_blend_mode et-last-child et_block_column\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"et_pb_module et_d4_element et_pb_text et_pb_text_0  et_pb_text_align_left et_pb_bg_layout_light\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"et_pb_text_inner\"><h1>International cooperation<\/h1><\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div><div class=\"et_pb_module et_d4_element et_pb_text et_pb_text_1  et_pb_text_align_left et_pb_bg_layout_light\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"et_pb_text_inner\"><p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><br style=\"font-weight: 400;\" \/><br style=\"font-weight: 400;\" \/><\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div><div class=\"et_pb_button_module_wrapper et_pb_button_0_wrapper  et_pb_module \">\n\t\t\t\t<a class=\"et_pb_button et_d4_element et_pb_button_0 et_pb_bg_layout_light et_block_module\" href=\"https:\/\/pages.stolaf.edu\/lwf-refugee-service\/about-international-cooperation\/\" target=\"_blank\">by Xiaoyang Hu<\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/div><div class=\"et_d4_element et_pb_section et_pb_section_1 et_pb_with_background  et_pb_css_mix_blend_mode et_section_regular et_block_section\" >\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"et_d4_element et_pb_row et_pb_row_1  et_pb_css_mix_blend_mode et_block_row\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"et_d4_element et_pb_column_4_4 et_pb_column et_pb_column_1  et_pb_css_mix_blend_mode et-last-child et_block_column\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"et_pb_module et_d4_element et_pb_text et_pb_text_2  et_pb_text_align_left et_pb_bg_layout_light\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"et_pb_text_inner\"><p><span style=\"color: #0a0909;\">In<\/span><span style=\"color: #0a0909;\"> order for the Lutheran World Federation to provide to refugees, <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400; color: #0a0909;\">they had to cooperate with a wide variety of agencies, including <strong>governmental\/international authorities, religious organizations, and local agencies.<\/strong><\/span>\u00a0The pages in this section are dedicated to navigating all the abbreviations, sections, and policies that LWF and many volunteer agencies had to understand and work with. <span style=\"font-weight: 400; color: #0a0909;\">Below is a graph that illustrates the agencies directly involved with the LWF.\u00a0<\/span><\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/div><div class=\"et_d4_element et_pb_row et_pb_row_2  et_pb_css_mix_blend_mode et_block_row\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"et_d4_element et_pb_column_2_3 et_pb_column et_pb_column_2  et_pb_css_mix_blend_mode et_block_column\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"et_pb_module et_d4_element et_pb_code et_pb_code_0\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"et_pb_code_inner\"><div style=\"width: 100%;\"><div style=\"position: relative; padding-bottom: 56.25%; padding-top: 0; height: 0;\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"LIST OF LEVELS (flagged)\" frameborder=\"0\" width=\"1200\" height=\"675\" style=\"position: absolute; top: 0; left: 0; width: 100%; height: 100%;\" src=\"https:\/\/view.genial.ly\/64c16f43082a6700115b6d50\" type=\"text\/html\" allowscriptaccess=\"always\" allowfullscreen=\"true\" scrolling=\"yes\" allownetworking=\"all\"><\/iframe> <\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div><div class=\"et_d4_element et_pb_column_1_3 et_pb_column et_pb_column_3  et_pb_css_mix_blend_mode et-last-child et_block_column\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"et_pb_button_module_wrapper et_pb_button_2_wrapper  et_pb_module \">\n\t\t\t\t<a class=\"et_pb_button et_d4_element et_pb_button_2 et_pb_bg_layout_light et_block_module\" href=\"#NRG\" target=\"_blank\" data-icon=\"\ue017\">Non-Religious Governmental<\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div><div class=\"et_pb_button_module_wrapper et_pb_button_3_wrapper  et_pb_module \">\n\t\t\t\t<a class=\"et_pb_button et_d4_element et_pb_button_3 et_pb_bg_layout_light et_block_module\" href=\"#NNR\" data-icon=\"\ue017\">National Non-Religious<\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div><div class=\"et_pb_button_module_wrapper et_pb_button_4_wrapper  et_pb_module \">\n\t\t\t\t<a class=\"et_pb_button et_d4_element et_pb_button_4 et_pb_bg_layout_light et_block_module\" href=\"#NC\" data-icon=\"\ue017\">(Inter)national Religious<\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div><div class=\"et_pb_button_module_wrapper et_pb_button_5_wrapper  et_pb_module \">\n\t\t\t\t<a class=\"et_pb_button et_d4_element et_pb_button_5 et_pb_bg_layout_light et_block_module\" href=\"#LGA\" data-icon=\"\ue017\">Local German Agencies<\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/div><div id=\"organizations\" class=\"et_d4_element et_pb_row et_pb_row_3  et_pb_css_mix_blend_mode et_block_row\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"et_d4_element et_pb_column_1_3 et_pb_column et_pb_column_4  et_pb_css_mix_blend_mode et_block_column\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"et_pb_module et_d4_element et_pb_text et_pb_text_3  et_pb_text_align_left et_pb_bg_layout_light\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"et_pb_text_inner\"><h4>Government &amp; International Authorities<\/h4><\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div><div class=\"et_pb_module et_d4_element et_pb_text et_pb_text_4  et_pb_text_align_left et_pb_bg_layout_light\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"et_pb_text_inner\"><p><a href=\"https:\/\/pages.stolaf.edu\/lwf-refugee-service\/u-s-immigration-policies\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">U.S. Immigration Policies\u00a0<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/pages.stolaf.edu\/lwf-refugee-service\/iro-unrra\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">IRO\/UNRRA &amp; LWF<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/pages.stolaf.edu\/lwf-refugee-service\/cralog\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">CRALOG<\/a><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div><div class=\"et_d4_element et_pb_column_1_3 et_pb_column et_pb_column_5  et_pb_css_mix_blend_mode et_block_column\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"et_pb_module et_d4_element et_pb_text et_pb_text_5  et_pb_text_align_left et_pb_bg_layout_light\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"et_pb_text_inner\"><h4>Religious Organizations<\/h4><\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div><div class=\"et_pb_module et_d4_element et_pb_text et_pb_text_6  et_pb_text_align_left et_pb_bg_layout_light\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"et_pb_text_inner\"><p><a href=\"https:\/\/pages.stolaf.edu\/lwf-refugee-service\/joint-christian-collaboration\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">WCC, CWS, YMCA<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/pages.stolaf.edu\/lwf-refugee-service\/american-lutheran-aid\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">The NLC and the LWR, LWF, LWA and LWC.<\/a><a href=\"#\"><\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#JC\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Other Religious Groups (The Jews and The Catholics)<\/a><\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div><div class=\"et_d4_element et_pb_column_1_3 et_pb_column et_pb_column_6  et_pb_css_mix_blend_mode et-last-child et_block_column\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"et_pb_module et_d4_element et_pb_text et_pb_text_7  et_pb_text_align_left et_pb_bg_layout_light\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"et_pb_text_inner\"><h4>Local Relations<\/h4><\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div><div class=\"et_pb_module et_d4_element et_pb_text et_pb_text_8  et_pb_text_align_left et_pb_bg_layout_light\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"et_pb_text_inner\"><p><a href=\"#\"><strong>Local Agencies in Germany (Hilfswerk, German Churches...)<\/strong>\u00a0<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/pages.stolaf.edu\/lwf-refugee-service\/american-lutheran-aid\/#local\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>Local Relations in the U.S. (St. John's and Northfield Resettlement Committee)<\/strong><\/a><\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/div><div class=\"et_d4_element et_pb_row et_pb_row_4  et_pb_css_mix_blend_mode et_block_row\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"et_d4_element et_pb_column_4_4 et_pb_column et_pb_column_7  et_pb_css_mix_blend_mode et-last-child et_block_column\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"et_pb_module et_d4_element et_pb_divider et_pb_divider_0 et_pb_space\"><div class=\"et_pb_divider_internal\"><\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/div><div class=\"et_d4_element et_pb_row et_pb_row_5  et_pb_css_mix_blend_mode et_block_row\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"et_d4_element et_pb_column_1_2 et_pb_column et_pb_column_8  et_pb_css_mix_blend_mode et_block_column\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"NRG\" class=\"et_pb_module et_d4_element et_pb_text et_pb_text_9  et_pb_text_align_left et_pb_bg_layout_light\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"et_pb_text_inner\"><h1><span style=\"font-weight: 400; color: #0a0909;\">Non-Religious Governmental\/<\/span><\/h1>\n<h1><span style=\"font-weight: 400; color: #0a0909;\">International Authorities<\/span><\/h1>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400; color: #0a0909;\"><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: x-large;\"><strong><span style=\"color: #0a0909;\">United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration (UNRRA) and International Refugee Organization (IRO)<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400; color: #0a0909;\">The first and foremost for the LWF to cooperate with is the United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration (UNRRA), or later its successor, the International Refugee Organization (IRO). UNRRA\/IRO were responsible for supervising and facilitating the voluntary agencies to operate in Germany for aid services. The UNRRA\/IRO helped the LWF to solve the logistic problems like accessing DP camps. Also, the Intergovernmental Committee on Refugees (IGC) provided financial support for UNRRA.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong><span style=\"color: #0a0909; font-size: x-large;\">Supreme Headquarters of the Allied Expeditionary Forces in Europe (SHAEF)<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400; color: #0a0909;\">SHAEF was the headquarters for all Allied Forces in Europe in 1944-1945. For the liberation of Europe, the military authorities established Assembly Centers (ACs) in barracks of the German army, warehouses, bombed buildings, and concentration camps. The DPs were gathered in more than 900 crowded ACs. Under an agreement with UNRRA in 1944, SHAEF was responsible for collecting and providing housing, food, clothing, and\u00a0 medical supplies, while UNRRA would administer the DP camps, provide recreational facilities, health and welfare services and other support. <\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div><div class=\"et_d4_element et_pb_column_1_2 et_pb_column et_pb_column_9  et_pb_css_mix_blend_mode et-last-child et_block_column\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"et_pb_module et_d4_element et_pb_image et_pb_image_0\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/pages.stolaf.edu\/lwf-refugee-service\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1702\/2023\/07\/IRO-from-the-LWF-Photo-Albums-e1690930207418.jpg\" class=\"et_pb_lightbox_image\" title=\"Original Caption: &quot;At Funk Kaserne, the IRO resettlement centre for southern Bavaria, where emigrating displaced persons are gathered from their camps, the Lutheran World Federation is present to free them, help them, and smooth the way to the point of departure. Here Mrs. Rasman and Mr. Arvo Klaus prepare a list of LWF-sponsored families soon to go to Camp Grohn at Bremen for embarkation.&quot;\"><span class=\"et_pb_image_wrap has-box-shadow-overlay\"><div class=\"box-shadow-overlay\"><\/div><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1486\" height=\"1136\" src=\"https:\/\/pages.stolaf.edu\/lwf-refugee-service\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1702\/2023\/07\/IRO-from-the-LWF-Photo-Albums-e1690930207418.jpg\" alt=\"Original Caption: &quot;At Funk Kaserne, the IRO resettlement centre for southern Bavaria, where emigrating displaced persons are gathered from their camps, the Lutheran World Federation is present to free them, help them, and smooth the way to the point of departure. Here Mrs. Rasman and Mr. Arvo Klaus prepare a list of LWF-sponsored families soon to go to Camp Grohn at Bremen for embarkation.&quot;\" title=\"Preparing List of Sponsors (LWF-PS)\" srcset=\"https:\/\/pages.stolaf.edu\/lwf-refugee-service\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1702\/2023\/07\/IRO-from-the-LWF-Photo-Albums-e1690930207418.jpg 1486w, https:\/\/pages.stolaf.edu\/lwf-refugee-service\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1702\/2023\/07\/IRO-from-the-LWF-Photo-Albums-e1690930207418-1280x720.jpg 1280w, https:\/\/pages.stolaf.edu\/lwf-refugee-service\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1702\/2023\/07\/IRO-from-the-LWF-Photo-Albums-e1690930207418-980x551.jpg 980w, https:\/\/pages.stolaf.edu\/lwf-refugee-service\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1702\/2023\/07\/IRO-from-the-LWF-Photo-Albums-e1690930207418-480x270.jpg 480w\" sizes=\"(min-width: 0px) and (max-width: 480px) 480px, (min-width: 481px) and (max-width: 980px) 980px, (min-width: 981px) and (max-width: 1280px) 1280px, (min-width: 1281px) 1486px, 100vw\" class=\"wp-image-1456\" \/><\/span><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div><div class=\"et_pb_module et_d4_element et_pb_image et_pb_image_1\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/pages.stolaf.edu\/lwf-refugee-service\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1702\/2023\/08\/WCC-and-HH.jpg\" class=\"et_pb_lightbox_image\" title=\"Original Caption: &quot;Workers among displaced persons relax on a Bavarian Alps during a Lutheran World Federation staff conference. L. to re.: James Anderson, Elise Anderson, Knut Okkenhaug (IRO, Hilding Olson, Herbert Brokering, Arnold Nelson, Kenneth Senft, Peter Elstadt, Hugo Becker (World Council of Churches), Ted Hong, and Howard Hong.&quot;\"><span class=\"et_pb_image_wrap has-box-shadow-overlay\"><div class=\"box-shadow-overlay\"><\/div><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1620\" height=\"1192\" src=\"https:\/\/pages.stolaf.edu\/lwf-refugee-service\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1702\/2023\/08\/WCC-and-HH.jpg\" alt=\"Original Caption: &quot;Workers among displaced persons relax on a Bavarian Alps during a Lutheran World Federation staff conference. L. to re.: James Anderson, Elise Anderson, Knut Okkenhaug (IRO, Hilding Olson, Herbert Brokering, Arnold Nelson, Kenneth Senft, Peter Elstadt, Hugo Becker (World Council of Churches), Ted Hong, and Howard Hong.&quot;\" title=\"WCC and HH\" srcset=\"https:\/\/pages.stolaf.edu\/lwf-refugee-service\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1702\/2023\/08\/WCC-and-HH.jpg 1620w, https:\/\/pages.stolaf.edu\/lwf-refugee-service\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1702\/2023\/08\/WCC-and-HH-1280x942.jpg 1280w, https:\/\/pages.stolaf.edu\/lwf-refugee-service\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1702\/2023\/08\/WCC-and-HH-980x721.jpg 980w, https:\/\/pages.stolaf.edu\/lwf-refugee-service\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1702\/2023\/08\/WCC-and-HH-480x353.jpg 480w\" sizes=\"(min-width: 0px) and (max-width: 480px) 480px, (min-width: 481px) and (max-width: 980px) 980px, (min-width: 981px) and (max-width: 1280px) 1280px, (min-width: 1281px) 1620px, 100vw\" class=\"wp-image-2277\" \/><\/span><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div><div class=\"et_pb_module et_d4_element et_pb_text et_pb_text_10  et_pb_text_align_left et_pb_bg_layout_light\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"et_pb_text_inner\"><p><strong><span style=\"font-size: x-large;\">International Red Cross and National Red Cross Societies<\/span><\/strong><span style=\"font-weight: 400; color: #0a0909;\"><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400; color: #0a0909;\"> The Red Cross Organizations were omnipresent as the first voluntary agency on site before UNRRA took over the supervision rights.<\/span><\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/div><div class=\"et_d4_element et_pb_row et_pb_row_6  et_pb_css_mix_blend_mode et_block_row\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"et_d4_element et_pb_column_4_4 et_pb_column et_pb_column_10  et_pb_css_mix_blend_mode et-last-child et_block_column\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"et_pb_module et_d4_element et_pb_divider et_pb_divider_1 et_pb_space\"><div class=\"et_pb_divider_internal\"><\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/div><div class=\"et_d4_element et_pb_row et_pb_row_7  et_pb_css_mix_blend_mode et_block_row\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"et_d4_element et_pb_column_4_4 et_pb_column et_pb_column_11  et_pb_css_mix_blend_mode et-last-child et_block_column\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"et_pb_module et_d4_element et_pb_text et_pb_text_11  et_pb_text_align_left et_pb_bg_layout_light\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"et_pb_text_inner\"><h1>National Non-Religious Agencies<\/h1><\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/div><div class=\"et_d4_element et_pb_row et_pb_row_8  et_pb_css_mix_blend_mode et_block_row\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"et_d4_element et_pb_column_1_2 et_pb_column et_pb_column_12  et_pb_css_mix_blend_mode et_block_column\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"NNR\" class=\"et_pb_module et_d4_element et_pb_text et_pb_text_12  et_pb_text_align_left et_pb_bg_layout_light\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"et_pb_text_inner\"><p><span style=\"font-size: x-large;\"><strong><span style=\"color: #0a0909;\">Displaced Persons Commission<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400; color: #0a0909;\">The Displaced Persons Commission was established to supervise the DP program in the United States and cooperate with the voluntary agencies.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: x-large;\"><strong><span style=\"color: #0a0909;\">Council of Relief Agencies Licensed for Operation in Germany<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400; color: #0a0909;\">The U.S. VAs (voluntary agencies) co-founded a non-governmental Organization, called the \u201cCouncil of Relief Agencies Licensed for Operation in Germany\u201d (CRALOG). The LWF was a licensed CRALOG member in order to operate in Germany. But, before CRALOG, a number of federal officials and private voluntary agencies created the <strong>American Council of Voluntary Agencies for Foreign Service (ACVAFS) <\/strong>that provided means of consultation, coordination, and planning so that relief and reconstruction programs abroad may be carried on in the most effective way. To become part of CRALOG, one had to be a member agency of the ACVAFS.<\/span><\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div><div class=\"et_d4_element et_pb_column_1_2 et_pb_column et_pb_column_13  et_pb_css_mix_blend_mode et-last-child et_block_column\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"et_pb_module et_d4_element et_pb_image et_pb_image_2\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/pages.stolaf.edu\/lwf-refugee-service\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1702\/2023\/08\/BULLETIN-CRALOG.jpg\" class=\"et_pb_lightbox_image\" title=\"The above graph prepared by the Office of Military Government of the United States vividly indicates the tremendous amount of relief that American Lutherans are sending into the American Zone of Germany alone. This does not include vast quantities of food purchased by Dr. Michelfelder in Europe and given to the German Church. Nor does it include the thousands of dollars worth of food used in child-feeding program. Found in Luther Seminary Library, used with permission of Evangelical Lutheran Church in America (ELCA) Region 3 Archives Luther Seminary.\"><span class=\"et_pb_image_wrap has-box-shadow-overlay\"><div class=\"box-shadow-overlay\"><\/div><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"876\" height=\"1104\" src=\"https:\/\/pages.stolaf.edu\/lwf-refugee-service\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1702\/2023\/08\/BULLETIN-CRALOG.jpg\" alt=\"The above graph prepared by the Office of Military Government of the United States vividly indicates the tremendous amount of relief that American Lutherans are sending into the American Zone of Germany alone. This does not include vast quantities of food purchased by Dr. Michelfelder in Europe and given to the German Church. Nor does it include the thousands of dollars worth of food used in child-feeding program. Found in Luther Seminary Library, used with permission of Evangelical Lutheran Church in America (ELCA) Region 3 Archives Luther Seminary.\" title=\"The above graph prepared by the Office of Military Government of the United States vividly indicates the tremendous amount of relief that American Lutherans are sending into the American Zone of Germany alone. This does not include vast quantities of food purchased by Dr. Michelfelder in Europe and given to the German Church. Nor does it include the thousands of dollars worth of food used in child-feeding program. Found in Luther Seminary Library, used with permission of Evangelical Lutheran Church in America (ELCA) Region 3 Archives Luther Seminary.\" srcset=\"https:\/\/pages.stolaf.edu\/lwf-refugee-service\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1702\/2023\/08\/BULLETIN-CRALOG.jpg 876w, https:\/\/pages.stolaf.edu\/lwf-refugee-service\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1702\/2023\/08\/BULLETIN-CRALOG-480x605.jpg 480w\" sizes=\"(min-width: 0px) and (max-width: 480px) 480px, (min-width: 481px) 876px, 100vw\" class=\"wp-image-2385\" \/><\/span><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div><div class=\"et_pb_button_module_wrapper et_pb_button_6_wrapper et_pb_button_alignment_left et_pb_module \">\n\t\t\t\t<a class=\"et_pb_button et_d4_element et_pb_button_6 et_animated et_pb_bg_layout_light et_block_module\" href=\"https:\/\/pages.stolaf.edu\/lwf-refugee-service\/cralog\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-icon=\"&amp;\">CRALOG<\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/div><div class=\"et_d4_element et_pb_row et_pb_row_9  et_pb_css_mix_blend_mode et_block_row\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"et_d4_element et_pb_column_4_4 et_pb_column et_pb_column_14  et_pb_css_mix_blend_mode et-last-child et_block_column\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"et_pb_module et_d4_element et_pb_divider et_pb_divider_2 et_pb_space\"><div class=\"et_pb_divider_internal\"><\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/div><div class=\"et_d4_element et_pb_row et_pb_row_10  et_pb_css_mix_blend_mode et_block_row\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"et_d4_element et_pb_column_4_4 et_pb_column et_pb_column_15  et_pb_css_mix_blend_mode et-last-child et_block_column\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"et_pb_module et_d4_element et_pb_text et_pb_text_13  et_pb_text_align_left et_pb_bg_layout_light\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"et_pb_text_inner\"><h1>International\/National Religious Organizations<\/h1><\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/div><div class=\"et_d4_element et_pb_row et_pb_row_11  et_pb_css_mix_blend_mode et_block_row\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"et_d4_element et_pb_column_2_3 et_pb_column et_pb_column_16  et_pb_css_mix_blend_mode et_block_column\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"et_pb_module et_d4_element et_pb_text et_pb_text_14  et_pb_text_align_left et_pb_bg_layout_light\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"et_pb_text_inner\"><h1>International Christian Organizations<\/h1><\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div><div id=\"NC\" class=\"et_pb_module et_d4_element et_pb_text et_pb_text_15  et_pb_text_align_left et_pb_bg_layout_light\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"et_pb_text_inner\"><p><span style=\"color: #0a0909; font-size: 20px;\">Out of the international Christian organizations of the time,<\/span><strong style=\"color: #0a0909; font-size: 20px;\"> the World Council of Churches (WCC), the Church World Service (CWS) and the Young Men Christian Association (YMCA) <\/strong><span style=\"color: #0a0909; font-size: 20px;\">stood out as having prominent roles. To learn more about their work be sure to click on the button to the right!<\/span><\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div><div class=\"et_d4_element et_pb_column_1_3 et_pb_column et_pb_column_17  et_pb_css_mix_blend_mode et-last-child et_block_column\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"et_pb_button_module_wrapper et_pb_button_7_wrapper et_pb_button_alignment_right et_pb_module \">\n\t\t\t\t<a class=\"et_pb_button et_d4_element et_pb_button_7 et_animated et_pb_bg_layout_light et_block_module\" href=\"https:\/\/pages.stolaf.edu\/lwf-refugee-service\/joint-christian-collaboration\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-icon=\"&#039;\">WCC, CWS, YMCA<\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/div><div class=\"et_d4_element et_pb_row et_pb_row_12  et_pb_css_mix_blend_mode et_block_row\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"et_d4_element et_pb_column_4_4 et_pb_column et_pb_column_18  et_pb_css_mix_blend_mode et-last-child et_block_column\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"et_pb_module et_d4_element et_pb_text et_pb_text_16  et_pb_text_align_left et_pb_bg_layout_light\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"et_pb_text_inner\"><h1>American Lutheran Organizations<\/h1><\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div><div id=\"NC\" class=\"et_pb_module et_d4_element et_pb_text et_pb_text_17  et_pb_text_align_left et_pb_bg_layout_light\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"et_pb_text_inner\"><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The <strong>American Christian Committee for Refugees (ACCR)<\/strong> was established u<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">nder Truman Directive. They provided corporate affidavits and helped in case of individual affidavits, selected persons for sponsorship, interviewed the applicants for emigration and answered questions regarding emigration. A<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">ltogether, the ACCR had sponsored 768 affidavits and 194 individual affidavits for non-Jews\/Catholics to the US and Latin America countries. It t<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">ransferred all its cases to the Church World Service (CWS) and liquidated in July 1947 due to lack of finance and inefficiency and lack of support.<\/span><\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/div><div class=\"et_d4_element et_pb_row et_pb_row_13  et_pb_css_mix_blend_mode et_block_row\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"et_d4_element et_pb_column_1_2 et_pb_column et_pb_column_19  et_pb_css_mix_blend_mode et_block_column\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"AL\" class=\"et_pb_module et_d4_element et_pb_text et_pb_text_18  et_pb_text_align_left et_pb_bg_layout_light\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"et_pb_text_inner\"><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400; color: #0a0909;\">According to the 1948 DP Act, the resettlement of a DP should include secured assurances, promises of jobs and housing. To fulfill this requirement, LWF worked with the <strong>National Lutheran Council (NLC) <\/strong>and was also sometimes financed by the <strong>Lutheran World Action (LWA)<\/strong>. The NLC received the DP dossiers created by the LWF and started to match the DP with a sponsored family and job. It then became the local church\u2019s responsibility to call for the sponsorship from the local families and the local commissions helping with the resettlement. In terms of Northfield, Minnesota, where much of our scope lies, these groups were <strong>St. John\u2019s Lutheran Church<\/strong> and <strong>the Committee for the Resettlement of Displaced Persons in Northfield<\/strong>.<\/span><\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div><div class=\"et_d4_element et_pb_column_1_2 et_pb_column et_pb_column_20  et_pb_css_mix_blend_mode et-last-child et_block_column\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"et_pb_button_module_wrapper et_pb_button_8_wrapper et_pb_button_alignment_left et_pb_module \">\n\t\t\t\t<a class=\"et_pb_button et_d4_element et_pb_button_8 et_animated et_pb_bg_layout_light et_block_module\" href=\"https:\/\/pages.stolaf.edu\/lwf-refugee-service\/american-lutheran-aid\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-icon=\"&amp;\">More on American Lutheran Organizations<\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/div><div class=\"et_d4_element et_pb_row et_pb_row_14  et_pb_css_mix_blend_mode et_block_row\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"et_d4_element et_pb_column_4_4 et_pb_column et_pb_column_21  et_pb_css_mix_blend_mode et-last-child et_block_column\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"et_pb_module et_d4_element et_pb_text et_pb_text_19  et_pb_text_align_left et_pb_bg_layout_light\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"et_pb_text_inner\"><h1>Jewish-American Organizations<\/h1><\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/div><div class=\"et_d4_element et_pb_row et_pb_row_15  et_pb_css_mix_blend_mode et_block_row\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"et_d4_element et_pb_column_1_2 et_pb_column et_pb_column_22  et_pb_css_mix_blend_mode et_block_column\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"et_pb_module et_d4_element et_pb_text et_pb_text_20  et_pb_text_align_left et_pb_bg_layout_light\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"et_pb_text_inner\"><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0American aid to Jewish displaced persons began quickly after the end of the World War II. After World War II, President Franklin Delano Roosevelt established the War Refugee Board to help rescue Jewish displaced persons.<span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><a href=\"#End\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">1<\/span><\/a><\/span>\u00a0<\/span>When UNRRA established the DP camps, most Americans were not aware of the difficult situation the DPs were living under until the Harrison Report and when General Eisenhower offered his own witness of the conditions of the camps. The result was the Truman Directive that admitted 23,000 DPs to the U.S., most of whom were Jewish.<span style=\"font-size: small;\"><a href=\"#End\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">2<\/span><\/a><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><\/span><\/p>\n<p>However, the<strong> American Jewish society<\/strong> aimed at admitting more of the Jewish DPs to the U.S.. Thus, the Jewish organizations, such as <strong>American Jewish Joint Distribution Committee (JDC), American Jewish Committee (AJC), and Hebrew Immigrant Aid Society (HIAS),<\/strong> started calling for more attention on the DP issues among other religious groups, such as the Christian community.\u00a0<\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div><div class=\"et_d4_element et_pb_column_1_2 et_pb_column et_pb_column_23  et_pb_css_mix_blend_mode et-last-child et_block_column\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"et_pb_module et_d4_element et_pb_text et_pb_text_21  et_pb_text_align_left et_pb_bg_layout_light\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"et_pb_text_inner\"><h3><b>American Jewish Joint Distribution Committee (JDC)<\/b><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">JDC was the first American relief agency in the field, spending $317,000 in 1945 in Germany and Austria.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">JDC asked to go into Germany and Austria before the victory, but receiving resistance from the army, they did not make it. The permission to operate in Europe was given to them finally on June 16, 1945 to dispatch 10 teams to DP camps.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 20px;\">JDC provided religious, recreational and educational supplies to DPs alongside supplements to UNRRA\/IRO and army supplies.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">When IRO initially started, they could not provide enough aid. JDC was the major relief agency that provided major aid to the DPs during this time.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/div><div class=\"et_d4_element et_pb_row et_pb_row_16  et_pb_css_mix_blend_mode et_block_row\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"et_d4_element et_pb_column_4_4 et_pb_column et_pb_column_24  et_pb_css_mix_blend_mode et-last-child et_block_column\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"et_pb_module et_d4_element et_pb_text et_pb_text_22  et_pb_text_align_left et_pb_bg_layout_light\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"et_pb_text_inner\"><h1>American Catholic Organizations<\/h1><\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div><div class=\"et_pb_module et_d4_element et_pb_text et_pb_text_23  et_pb_text_align_left et_pb_bg_layout_light\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"et_pb_text_inner\"><p>The American Catholics stepped into the post-war relief rather later, after Jewish congregations called upon the other religious groups to aid in DP resettlement and support.<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The <strong>War Relief Services (WRS)<\/strong> was formed in 1943 by the Bishop\u2019s Committee of the<strong> National Catholic Welfare Conference (NCWC)<\/strong> to carry out the overseas relief work for Catholic refugees in 41 countries for DPs after the war. <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">It mainly provided morale services, supplies for spiritual, recreational or occupational nature, and supplementary materials such as food, clothing, and shoes.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>NCWC cooperated closely with American Lutherans in the resettlement of Volksdeutsche\/Ethnic Germans, as half of the German Expellees were Catholic.<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><\/span><\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/div><div class=\"et_d4_element et_pb_row et_pb_row_17  et_pb_css_mix_blend_mode et_block_row\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"et_d4_element et_pb_column_4_4 et_pb_column et_pb_column_25  et_pb_css_mix_blend_mode et-last-child et_block_column\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"et_pb_module et_d4_element et_pb_divider et_pb_divider_3 et_pb_space\"><div class=\"et_pb_divider_internal\"><\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/div><div class=\"et_d4_element et_pb_row et_pb_row_18  et_pb_css_mix_blend_mode et_block_row\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"et_d4_element et_pb_column_4_4 et_pb_column et_pb_column_26  et_pb_css_mix_blend_mode et-last-child et_block_column\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"et_pb_module et_d4_element et_pb_text et_pb_text_24  et_pb_text_align_left et_pb_bg_layout_light\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"et_pb_text_inner\"><h1>Local German Agencies<\/h1><\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/div><div class=\"et_d4_element et_pb_row et_pb_row_19  et_pb_css_mix_blend_mode et_block_row\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"et_d4_element et_pb_column_4_4 et_pb_column et_pb_column_27  et_pb_css_mix_blend_mode et-last-child et_block_column\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"LGA\" class=\"et_pb_module et_d4_element et_pb_text et_pb_text_25  et_pb_text_align_left et_pb_bg_layout_light\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"et_pb_text_inner\"><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400; color: #0a0909;\">\u00a0The LWF had to work with the local German agencies for the distribution of supplies and knowledge. The American Church Voluntary Agency representatives, for one, established a <strong>German Central Committee (GCC)<\/strong> to help receive the welfare supplies and find areas that needed the most distribution. They also worked with the local German <strong>Hilfswerk<\/strong>, which was established by the bishops of the various Landeskirches of Germany at the bishop\u2019s conference at Treyaa in 1945. <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>Hilfswerk<\/strong>, working closely with CRALOG, often assisted the inland transportation of the supplies.<span style=\"font-size: small;\"><a href=\"#End\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">3<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400; color: #0a0909;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">For the rest of DPs who were not able to immigrate, t<\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">he German government prepared plans to assimilate the handicapped DPs in the German economy. The Lutheran Churches in Germany, in cooperation with LWFSR, presented plans to IRO and the German government to help those for whom institutional care would be a necessity. The Lutheran Inner Mission Societies assumed this responsibility on behalf of the Lutheran Churches in Germany.<span style=\"font-size: small;\"><a href=\"#End\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">4<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span><\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/div><div class=\"et_d4_element et_pb_row et_pb_row_20  et_pb_css_mix_blend_mode et_block_row\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"et_d4_element et_pb_column_4_4 et_pb_column et_pb_column_28  et_pb_css_mix_blend_mode et-last-child et_block_column\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"et_pb_module et_d4_element et_pb_text et_pb_text_26  et_pb_text_align_left et_pb_bg_layout_light\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"et_pb_text_inner\"><p>The majority of the information on this page was found from Haim Genizi's book\u00a0<em>America's Fair Share.<\/em><span style=\"font-size: small;\"><a href=\"#End\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">6<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/div><div id=\"fn\" class=\"et_d4_element et_pb_section et_pb_section_2 et_pb_with_background  et_pb_css_mix_blend_mode et_section_regular et_block_section\" >\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"End\" class=\"et_d4_element et_pb_row et_pb_row_21  et_pb_css_mix_blend_mode et_block_row\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"et_d4_element et_pb_column_4_4 et_pb_column et_pb_column_29  et_pb_css_mix_blend_mode et-last-child et_block_column\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"et_pb_module et_d4_element et_pb_text et_pb_text_27  et_pb_text_align_left et_pb_bg_layout_light\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"et_pb_text_inner\"><h3 style=\"text-align: left;\">Sources<\/h3>\n<p>1.United States Holocaust Memorial Museum,\u00a0\u201cWAR REFUGEE BOARD: BACKGROUND AND ESTABLISHMENT,\u201d <em>Holocaust Encyclopedia<\/em>, accessed July 25, 2023, <a href=\"https:\/\/encyclopedia.ushmm.org\/content\/en\/article\/war-refugee-board-background-and-establishment\">https:\/\/encyclopedia.ushmm.org\/content\/en\/article\/war-refugee-board-background-and-establishment<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>2. <span>United States Holocaust Memorial Museum,\u00a0\u201cWAR REFUGEE BOARD: BACKGROUND AND ESTABLISHMENT,\u201d <em>Holocaust Encyclopedia<\/em>, accessed July 25, 2023, <a href=\"https:\/\/encyclopedia.ushmm.org\/content\/en\/article\/war-refugee-board-background-and-establishment\">https:\/\/encyclopedia.ushmm.org\/content\/en\/article\/war-refugee-board-background-and-establishment<\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>3. <span>Kenneth C. Senft,\u00a0 \u201cThe Lutheran World Federation and the Displaced Person\u201d (PhD diss., Lutheran Theological Seminary, 1952), found in Kierkegaard Library Rare Books Room.<\/span><span><\/span><span><\/span><span><\/span><\/p>\n<p>4. Kenneth C. Senft,\u00a0 \u201cThe Lutheran World Federation and the Displaced Person\u201d (PhD diss., Lutheran Theological Seminary, 1952), found in Kierkegaard Library Rare Books Room.<\/p>\n<p>5. <span>Haim Genizi, \u201c7. The Displaced Persons Commission and the Resettlement of MPs,\u201d chapter, in\u00a0<\/span><i>America\u2019s Fair Share: The Admission and Resettlement of Displaced Persons, 1945-1952<\/i><span>\u00a0(Detroit, MI: Wayne State University Press, 1994).<\/span><\/p>\n<p>6. <span>Haim Genizi, \u201c7. The Displaced Persons Commission and the Resettlement of MPs,\u201d chapter, in\u00a0<\/span><i>America\u2019s Fair Share: The Admission and Resettlement of Displaced Persons, 1945-1952<\/i><span>\u00a0(Detroit, MI: Wayne State University Press, 1994).<\/span><\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div><div class=\"et_pb_button_module_wrapper et_pb_button_9_wrapper et_pb_button_alignment_left et_pb_module \">\n\t\t\t\t<a class=\"et_pb_button et_d4_element et_pb_button_9 et_pb_bg_layout_light et_block_module\" href=\"https:\/\/pages.stolaf.edu\/lwf-refugee-service\/research-resources\/\" target=\"_blank\">Bibliography<\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/div><div class=\"et_d4_element et_pb_section et_pb_section_3 et_pb_with_background  et_pb_css_mix_blend_mode et_section_regular et_block_section\" >\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"et_d4_element et_pb_row et_pb_row_22  et_pb_css_mix_blend_mode et_block_row\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"et_d4_element et_pb_column_4_4 et_pb_column et_pb_column_30  et_pb_css_mix_blend_mode et-last-child et_block_column\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"et_pb_module et_d4_element et_pb_text et_pb_text_28  et_pb_text_align_left et_pb_bg_layout_light\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"et_pb_text_inner\"><h3>Images<\/h3>\n<p>1. Two men discussing, <span>Lutheran World Federation Service to Refugees 1947-1949 Photographic Section, used with permission of the Lutheran World Federation and Evangelical Lutheran Church in America.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p>2. Xiaoyang Hu, List of levels - Agencies\/Organizations that related to LWF-SR (agencies\/organizations in direct contact are flagged.)<span><\/span><\/p>\n<p>3. Two people leaning over a typewriter, <span>Lutheran World Federation Service to Refugees 1947-1949 Photographic Section, used with permission of the Lutheran World Federation and Evangelical Lutheran Church in America.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p>4. Group of people sitting,\u00a0 <span>L<\/span><span>utheran World Federation Service to Refugees 1947-1949 Album, used with permission of the Lutheran World Federation and Evangelical Lutheran Church in America<\/span><\/p>\n<p>5. Pastor's Bulletin graph, <span>Evangelical Lutheran Church in America (ELCA) Region 3 Archives, Luther Seminary St. Paul, MN.<\/span><\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/div><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":1456,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_et_pb_use_builder":"on","_et_pb_old_content":"","_et_gb_content_width":"","footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-236","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/pages.stolaf.edu\/lwf-refugee-service\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/236","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/pages.stolaf.edu\/lwf-refugee-service\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/pages.stolaf.edu\/lwf-refugee-service\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pages.stolaf.edu\/lwf-refugee-service\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1456"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pages.stolaf.edu\/lwf-refugee-service\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=236"}],"version-history":[{"count":181,"href":"https:\/\/pages.stolaf.edu\/lwf-refugee-service\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/236\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":5070,"href":"https:\/\/pages.stolaf.edu\/lwf-refugee-service\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/236\/revisions\/5070"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/pages.stolaf.edu\/lwf-refugee-service\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=236"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}