{"id":553,"date":"2015-07-28T18:29:05","date_gmt":"2015-07-28T23:29:05","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/pages.stolaf.edu\/jam\/?page_id=553"},"modified":"2015-07-30T22:21:36","modified_gmt":"2015-07-31T03:21:36","slug":"the-442nd","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/pages.stolaf.edu\/jam\/the-442nd\/","title":{"rendered":"The 442nd"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"et_d4_element et_pb_section et_pb_section_0 et_pb_with_background  et_pb_css_mix_blend_mode et_section_regular et_block_section\" >\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"et_d4_element et_pb_row et_pb_row_0  et_pb_css_mix_blend_mode et_block_row\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"et_d4_element et_pb_column_4_4 et_pb_column et_pb_column_0  et_pb_css_mix_blend_mode et-last-child et_block_column\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"et_pb_module et_d4_element et_pb_text et_pb_text_0  et_pb_text_align_left et_pb_bg_layout_light\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"et_pb_text_inner\"><p><strong>The 442nd Regimental Combat Team<\/strong><\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div><div class=\"et_pb_module et_d4_element et_pb_text et_pb_text_1  et_pb_text_align_left et_pb_bg_layout_dark\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"et_pb_text_inner\"><p><a href=\"https:\/\/pages.stolaf.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/660\/2015\/07\/logo71pix.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" size-full wp-image-1070 alignleft\" src=\"https:\/\/pages.stolaf.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/660\/2015\/07\/logo71pix.png\" alt=\"logo71pix -use for in-text\" width=\"71\" height=\"71\" \/><\/a>For the majority of the Nisei who served during World War II, the 442nd Regimental Combat Team was their destination. In the spring of 1942, Colonel Pettigrew in the Military Intelligence Division first suggested organizing a Nisei combat unit to be deployed in Germany. In 1943 the U.S. government started allowing Japanese Americans to volunteer and be drafted into the military. \u00a0Although this announcement was met with great enthusiasm in Hawaii, American citizens\u00a0of Japanese ancestry were put in camps on the mainland; it was deemed necessary that they received \u00a0\u201cleave clearance\u201d before joining the arm forces, which caused some controversies in the community.<\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/div><div class=\"et_d4_element et_pb_row et_pb_row_1  et_pb_css_mix_blend_mode et_block_row\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"et_d4_element et_pb_column_2_3 et_pb_column et_pb_column_1  et_pb_css_mix_blend_mode et_block_column\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"et_pb_module et_d4_element et_pb_text et_pb_text_2  et_pb_text_align_left et_pb_bg_layout_dark\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"et_pb_text_inner\"><p>In order to screen Nisei men for military service, the War Department created a four-page questionnaire that was sent to every adult male and contained two questions that split the camps divisively, numbers 27 and 28. Number 27 asked whether one was willing to serve in the army, and number 28 asked whether one would swear allegiance to the United States and forswear allegiance to the Japanese emperor. As the questionnaire was sent indiscriminately to every adult male in camps regardless of citizenship or age, confusion and conflict arose. If the Issei (First Generation Japanese) men, who were ineligible for citizenship in the U.S., answered \u201cyes\u201d to number 28, it left them without a country. If they answered \"no,\" of course, meant they were disloyal aliens and even possibly a war enemy. The implications of answering \u201cyes\u201d or \u201cno\u201d on the questionnaire, combined with anxiety of being placed in camps, erupted into anger and confusion. Surprised by such a development, the War Department\u2019s Bureau of Public Relations had to manage the crisis as they tried to recruit within the camps. Since the combat losses of the mostly Hawaiian 100th Infantry Battalion in Italy required more Nisei manpower for replacement, the War Department and the JACL came to the conclusion that restoring Selective Service for Nisei was the solution, and consequently, on November 18th, 1943, Nisei became eligible for Selective Service and were drafted.<\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div><div class=\"et_d4_element et_pb_column_1_3 et_pb_column et_pb_column_2  et_pb_css_mix_blend_mode et-last-child et_block_column\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"et_pb_module et_d4_element et_pb_image et_pb_image_0 et_animated et-waypoint\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<span class=\"et_pb_image_wrap \"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/pages.stolaf.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/660\/2015\/07\/Trumanwith442.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"President Truman with members of the 442nd post war. Photo courtesy of Bill Doi\" \/><\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/div><div class=\"et_d4_element et_pb_row et_pb_row_2  et_pb_css_mix_blend_mode et_block_row\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"et_d4_element et_pb_column_4_4 et_pb_column et_pb_column_3  et_pb_css_mix_blend_mode et-last-child et_block_column\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"et_pb_module et_d4_element et_pb_text et_pb_text_3  et_pb_text_align_left et_pb_bg_layout_dark\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"et_pb_text_inner\"><p><strong>References<\/strong><\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div><div class=\"et_pb_module et_d4_element et_pb_text et_pb_text_4  et_pb_text_align_left et_pb_bg_layout_dark\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"et_pb_text_inner\"><p>McNaughton, James C. (2006). <i>Nisei linguists: Japanese Americans in the Military Intelligence Service <\/i><i>during World War II<\/i>. Washington, DC: Dept. of the Army.<\/p>\n<p>Reeves, Richard. (2015). <i>Infamy: the shocking story of the Japanese American internment in World <\/i><i>War II<\/i>. \u00a0New York, NY: Henry Holt and Company.<\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/div><div class=\"et_d4_element et_pb_row et_pb_row_3  et_pb_css_mix_blend_mode et_block_row\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"et_d4_element et_pb_column_2_3 et_pb_column et_pb_column_4  et_pb_css_mix_blend_mode et_block_column et_pb_column_empty\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/div><div class=\"et_d4_element et_pb_column_1_3 et_pb_column et_pb_column_5  et_pb_css_mix_blend_mode et-last-child et_block_column et_pb_column_empty\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":616,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_et_pb_use_builder":"on","_et_pb_old_content":"","_et_gb_content_width":"","footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-553","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/pages.stolaf.edu\/jam\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/553","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/pages.stolaf.edu\/jam\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/pages.stolaf.edu\/jam\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pages.stolaf.edu\/jam\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/616"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pages.stolaf.edu\/jam\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=553"}],"version-history":[{"count":25,"href":"https:\/\/pages.stolaf.edu\/jam\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/553\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1352,"href":"https:\/\/pages.stolaf.edu\/jam\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/553\/revisions\/1352"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/pages.stolaf.edu\/jam\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=553"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}