Kawabata Gyokushō (1842-1913) apprenticed at age eleven to the Maruyama-school painter Nakajima Raishō. He then moved from Kyoto to Tokyo in 1866 and started his career as an independent artist. After the Meiji Restoration of 1868, he began to submit work to official exhibitions, and in 1878 started his own painting school, the Tenshindo. Kawabata was the illustrator for only one of Hasegawa Takejirō’s fairy tale volumes, The Silly Jelly-fish. According to Frederic Sharf, he had to be persuaded to contribute and declined any further work on Hasegawa’s fairy tales because “he felt that such work was beneath his dignity” (21).