{"id":810,"date":"2015-03-23T19:50:27","date_gmt":"2015-03-24T00:50:27","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/pages.stolaf.edu\/americanmusic\/?p=810"},"modified":"2015-04-16T16:15:55","modified_gmt":"2015-04-16T21:15:55","slug":"we-all-got-rhythm","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/pages.stolaf.edu\/americanmusic\/2015\/03\/23\/we-all-got-rhythm\/","title":{"rendered":"They all got Rhythm"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><span style=\"color: #000000\">When Gershwin wrote &#8220;I Got Rhythm&#8221; for the 1930&#8217;s musical\u00a0<em>Girl Crazy<\/em>,\u00a0he couldn\u2019t have known what effect he had on the direction of jazz for years to come. The chord progressions and simple rhythm changes presented in &#8220;I Got Rhythm&#8221; have become second nature in the most common harmonic structure of jazz.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000\">It was 1930, and the Gershwin brothers were working on the score of <em>Girl Crazy<\/em>, their next Broadway show. The chorus of the song, based on a syncopated four-note figure, was cast in standard 32-bar AABA form with a two-bar tag. Of the seventeen lines in the lyrics of its chorus, thirteen are set to the same four-note figure, a rhythmic cell that hits only one of the four strong beats in the two bars it covers. <\/span><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/pages.stolaf.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/593\/2015\/03\/Screen-Shot-2015-03-23-at-3.21.01-PM.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-866 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/pages.stolaf.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/593\/2015\/03\/Screen-Shot-2015-03-23-at-3.21.01-PM.png\" alt=\"Screen Shot 2015-03-23 at 3.21.01 PM\" width=\"498\" height=\"95\" srcset=\"https:\/\/pages.stolaf.edu\/americanmusic\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/593\/2015\/03\/Screen-Shot-2015-03-23-at-3.21.01-PM.png 498w, https:\/\/pages.stolaf.edu\/americanmusic\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/593\/2015\/03\/Screen-Shot-2015-03-23-at-3.21.01-PM-150x29.png 150w, https:\/\/pages.stolaf.edu\/americanmusic\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/593\/2015\/03\/Screen-Shot-2015-03-23-at-3.21.01-PM-300x57.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 498px) 100vw, 498px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000\">For Ira (George&#8217;s brother and lyricist), &#8220;rhythm&#8221; in this song was tied up with aggressive, accented, syncopated groupings of beats. Together the music and lyrics would create a catchy tune that would become something so great in very little time.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"embed-youtube\" style=\"text-align:center; display: block;\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"youtube-player\" width=\"584\" height=\"329\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/YrhZp7N2pVg?version=3&#038;rel=1&#038;showsearch=0&#038;showinfo=1&#038;iv_load_policy=1&#038;fs=1&#038;hl=en-US&#038;autohide=2&#038;wmode=transparent\" allowfullscreen=\"true\" style=\"border:0;\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts allow-same-origin allow-popups allow-presentation allow-popups-to-escape-sandbox\"><\/iframe><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000\">Within ten days of the opening of\u00a0<i>Girl Crazy<\/i>\u00a0on the 14th, three significant recordings of &#8220;I Got Rhythm&#8221; were made.<\/span><\/p>\n<blockquote><p><span style=\"color: #000000\">&#8220;On the 20th, Freddie Rich, conductor of the CBS Radio Orchestra, recorded it with a group under his own name. On the 23d, Red Nichols and His Five Pennies\u2014all thirteen of them, and including Goodman, Krupa, Miller, and other members of the\u00a0<span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">Girl Crazy<\/span>\u00a0pit band, plus vocalist Dick Robertson\u2014made their own version. And on the 24th, one of New York&#8217;s best black bands, Luis Russell and His Orchestra, recorded another version. Each can be taken to represent the beginning of a different approach to Gershwin&#8217;s number: (1) &#8220;I Got Rhythm&#8221; as\u00a0<i>a song<\/i>\u00a0played and sung by popular performers; (2) &#8220;I Got Rhythm&#8221; as\u00a0<i>a <\/i>jazz standard\u00a0, a piece known and frequently played by musicians, black and white, in the jazz tradition; and (3) &#8220;I Got Rhythm&#8221; as a\u00a0musical structure\u00a0, a harmonic framework upon which jazz instrumentalists, especially blacks, have built new compositions.&#8221;<\/span><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000\">The endurance and progression of popularity in the jazz tradition expanded largely due to its extensive use by early\u00a0<a style=\"color: #000000\" title=\"Bebop\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bebop\">bebop<\/a>\u00a0musicians. The chords were first used in\u00a01930s and developed into a popular jazz standard. &#8220;I Got Rhythm&#8221; became extremely common in the &#8217;40s and &#8217;50s when composers listened to the song and wrote a new melody over its chord changes, thereby creating a contrafact- a new melody overlaid on a familiar harmonic structure. Gershwin&#8217;s influence in jazz music is now ubiquitous. In Robert Wyatt&#8217;s book\u00a0<em>The George Gershwin Reader<\/em>,\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000\">Popular musicians like Sidney Bechet, Lester Young, Dizzy Gillespie and Charlie Parker started to\u00a0imitate Gershwin&#8217;s style.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"embed-youtube\" style=\"text-align:center; display: block;\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"youtube-player\" width=\"584\" height=\"329\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/ForqxMcc0pE?version=3&#038;rel=1&#038;showsearch=0&#038;showinfo=1&#038;iv_load_policy=1&#038;fs=1&#038;hl=en-US&#038;autohide=2&#038;wmode=transparent\" allowfullscreen=\"true\" style=\"border:0;\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts allow-same-origin allow-popups allow-presentation allow-popups-to-escape-sandbox\"><\/iframe><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"embed-youtube\" style=\"text-align:center; display: block;\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"youtube-player\" width=\"584\" height=\"329\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/IZfVPvUOWro?version=3&#038;rel=1&#038;showsearch=0&#038;showinfo=1&#038;iv_load_policy=1&#038;fs=1&#038;hl=en-US&#038;autohide=2&#038;wmode=transparent\" allowfullscreen=\"true\" style=\"border:0;\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts allow-same-origin allow-popups allow-presentation allow-popups-to-escape-sandbox\"><\/iframe><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"embed-youtube\" style=\"text-align:center; display: block;\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"youtube-player\" width=\"584\" height=\"329\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/3fgxyyrqZ-I?version=3&#038;rel=1&#038;showsearch=0&#038;showinfo=1&#038;iv_load_policy=1&#038;fs=1&#038;hl=en-US&#038;autohide=2&#038;wmode=transparent\" allowfullscreen=\"true\" style=\"border:0;\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts allow-same-origin allow-popups allow-presentation allow-popups-to-escape-sandbox\"><\/iframe><\/span><\/p>\n<p>1\u00a0Crawford, Richard. &#8220;George Gershwin&#8217;s &#8220;I Got Rhythm&#8221; (1930).&#8221;\u00a0<i>The American Musical Landscape<\/i>. University of California Press. 1993. Web. 23 Mar. 2015. &lt;http:\/\/publishing.cdlib.org\/ucpressebooks\/view?docId=ft0z09n7gx&amp;chunk.id=d0e6504&amp;toc.id=d0e14086&amp;brand=ucpress&gt;.<\/p>\n<p>2\u00a0Wyatt, Robert. &#8220;George Gershwin&#8217;s &#8220;I Got Rhythm&#8221; (1930).&#8221;\u00a0<i>The George Gershwin Reader<\/i>. New York: Oxford UP, 2004. 156-172. Print.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>When Gershwin wrote &#8220;I Got Rhythm&#8221; for the 1930&#8217;s musical\u00a0Girl Crazy,\u00a0he couldn\u2019t have known what effect he had on the direction of jazz for years to come. The chord progressions and simple rhythm changes presented in &#8220;I Got Rhythm&#8221; have &hellip; <a href=\"https:\/\/pages.stolaf.edu\/americanmusic\/2015\/03\/23\/we-all-got-rhythm\/\">Continue reading <span class=\"meta-nav\">&rarr;<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1293,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"quote","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":false,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[1],"tags":[339,336,337,331,340,332,35,333,334,338,335],"class_list":["post-810","post","type-post","status-publish","format-quote","hentry","category-uncategorized","tag-339","tag-charlie-parker","tag-dizzy-gillespie","tag-gershwin","tag-girl-crazy","tag-i-got-rhythm","tag-jazz","tag-jazz-standard","tag-jazz-tradition","tag-lester-young","tag-sidney-bechet","post_format-post-format-quote"],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/p7jEhR-d4","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/pages.stolaf.edu\/americanmusic\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/810","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/pages.stolaf.edu\/americanmusic\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/pages.stolaf.edu\/americanmusic\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pages.stolaf.edu\/americanmusic\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1293"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pages.stolaf.edu\/americanmusic\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=810"}],"version-history":[{"count":7,"href":"https:\/\/pages.stolaf.edu\/americanmusic\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/810\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":901,"href":"https:\/\/pages.stolaf.edu\/americanmusic\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/810\/revisions\/901"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/pages.stolaf.edu\/americanmusic\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=810"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pages.stolaf.edu\/americanmusic\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=810"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pages.stolaf.edu\/americanmusic\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=810"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}