{"id":4249,"date":"2019-10-09T23:19:04","date_gmt":"2019-10-10T04:19:04","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/pages.stolaf.edu\/americanmusic\/?p=4249"},"modified":"2019-12-15T19:43:58","modified_gmt":"2019-12-16T01:43:58","slug":"what-it-means-to-be-black-a-people-and-their-music","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/pages.stolaf.edu\/americanmusic\/2019\/10\/09\/what-it-means-to-be-black-a-people-and-their-music\/","title":{"rendered":"What It Means to Be Black: A People and Their Music"},"content":{"rendered":"<blockquote><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u201cBeyond the obvious fact that you are black, is your music black music?\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u201cNo.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u201cWhy?\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u201cTo answer that, I\u2019m going to give you a brief musical background of myself.\u201d<a class=\"sdfootnoteanc\" href=\"#sdfootnote1sym\" name=\"sdfootnote1anc\"><sup>1<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<div id=\"attachment_4251\" style=\"width: 266px\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><a href=\"https:\/\/pages.stolaf.edu\/americanmusic\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/593\/2019\/10\/Screen-Shot-2019-10-09-at-11.02.06-PM.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-4251\" class=\"wp-image-4251 \" src=\"https:\/\/pages.stolaf.edu\/americanmusic\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/593\/2019\/10\/Screen-Shot-2019-10-09-at-11.02.06-PM-220x300.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"256\" height=\"344\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-4251\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Excerpt of Isaac Hayes&#8217; interview in <i>The Los Angeles Free Press<\/i><a class=\"sdfootnoteanc\" href=\"#sdfootnote1sym\" name=\"sdfootnote1anc\"><sup>1<\/sup><\/a><\/p><\/div>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">So begins an excerpt from an interview of the \u201cblack superstar\u201d Isaac Hayes from a 1972 issue of the <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Los Angeles Free Press<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">, in which Hayes discusses the blackness of not only his music, but himself. He recounts hearing a \u201chillbilly sort of country &amp; western\u201d music in his early childhood before hearing any swing or other black music. In addition to this, he went through many other phases, including multiple classical music phases, and only after that started learning jazz, while also singing gospel in church. He concludes:<\/span><\/p>\n<blockquote><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u201cSo I wouldn\u2019t say I\u2019m black. Sure I\u2019m a member of the black race, and I can relate to black <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">experiences<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">. But musically, you have a fusion of cultures. You\u2019ve got Africa in it, you\u2019ve got Europe in it, you\u2019ve got Latin America, you\u2019ve got jazz, you\u2019ve got pop, you\u2019ve got country &amp; western, you\u2019ve got it all.\u201d <a class=\"sdfootnoteanc\" href=\"#sdfootnote1sym\" name=\"sdfootnote1anc\"><sup>1<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><span class=\"embed-youtube\" style=\"text-align:center; display: block;\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"youtube-player\" width=\"584\" height=\"329\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/Q429AOpL_ds?version=3&#038;rel=1&#038;showsearch=0&#038;showinfo=1&#038;iv_load_policy=1&#038;fs=1&#038;hl=en-US&#038;autohide=2&#038;wmode=transparent\" allowfullscreen=\"true\" style=\"border:0;\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts allow-same-origin allow-popups allow-presentation allow-popups-to-escape-sandbox\"><\/iframe><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">This could be seen as a quite liberating view of a black musician\u2019s music\u2014almost transcending race, identifying aspects of his music that are grounded in many traditions. However, Hayes also takes the interesting step of applying this back to his race: \u201cI wouldn\u2019t say I\u2019m black.\u201d Being racially black and having black experiences isn\u2019t enough to be black in the larger sense, which in Hayes\u2019 view seems to include something more. When asked what he would \u201cclassify as pure black music,\u201d he points to \u201csongs expressing the black experience in the ghetto . . . that\u2019s black music.\u201d<a class=\"sdfootnoteanc\" href=\"#sdfootnote1sym\" name=\"sdfootnote1anc\"><sup>1<\/sup><\/a> So if he made that kind of music, would he be more black? This, to me, is a surprisingly narrow view of what it means to be black.<\/span><\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_4252\" style=\"width: 330px\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\"><a href=\"https:\/\/pages.stolaf.edu\/americanmusic\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/593\/2019\/10\/Screen-Shot-2019-10-09-at-10.52.38-PM.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-4252\" class=\"wp-image-4252 \" src=\"https:\/\/pages.stolaf.edu\/americanmusic\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/593\/2019\/10\/Screen-Shot-2019-10-09-at-10.52.38-PM-300x181.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"320\" height=\"198\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-4252\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Beginning of letter in <i>The Chicago Defender<\/i><a class=\"sdfootnoteanc\" href=\"#sdfootnote1sym\" name=\"sdfootnote1anc\"><sup>2<\/sup><\/a><\/p><\/div>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">A letter in a 1965 issue of the <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Chicago Defender<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> reflects a related view: \u201cAttending a recital of a Negro singer in Orchestra Hall, recently, I was amazed, disappointed and hurt, to note, that she did not include in her program, any Negro spirituals.\u201d The letter then gives examples of musicians who \u201cwrote many manuscripts telling of our 300 years of sorrow,\u201d but argues that now \u201cintegration and acceptance of a few, on their way to the heights, is making them forget the \u2018depths from which we have come.\u2019\u201d<a class=\"sdfootnoteanc\" href=\"#sdfootnote1sym\" name=\"sdfootnote1anc\"><sup>2<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">This is not arguing that one must perform a certain music to be fully black, but rather that being black necessitates the performance of a certain music. It makes a compelling argument for black musicians to remember their history, but how much <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">must<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> the music one performs be rooted in their history? If black people must absolutely perform \u201cblack\u201d music, this forges a link between the musician and their music that leads back in the direction of Hayes\u2019 idea of black music and its connection to black identity. There can be clear benefits to connecting identity with music, but to connect them in such a way that one cannot exist without the other risks whittling them both down to an essence that fails to adequately represent either.<\/span><\/p>\n<div id=\"sdfootnote1\">\n<p class=\"sdfootnote\"><a class=\"sdfootnotesym\" href=\"#sdfootnote1anc\" name=\"sdfootnote1sym\">1 <\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Van Ness, Chris. \u201cIsaac Hayes: Superstar behind the soundtrack for Shaft.\u201d <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The Los Angeles Free Press,<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> Jan 14, 1972. <a href=\"http:\/\/www.rockandroll.amdigital.co.uk\/Contents\/ImageViewer.aspx?imageid=1101225\">http:\/\/www.rockandroll.amdigital.co.uk\/Contents\/ImageViewer.aspx?imageid=1101225<\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\n<div id=\"sdfootnote1\">\n<p class=\"sdfootnote\"><a class=\"sdfootnotesym\" href=\"#sdfootnote1anc\" name=\"sdfootnote1sym\">2 <\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Ruth, Smith McGowan. \u201cReader Disappointed when Singer Omits Negro Spirituals.\u201d <i>The Chicago Defender (National Edition) (1921-1967),<\/i> Feb 06, 1965. <a href=\"https:\/\/search.proquest.com\/docview\/493112600?accountid=351\">https:\/\/search.proquest.com\/docview\/493112600?accountid=351<\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u201cIsaac Hayes &#8211; Theme From Shaft (1971).\u201d YouTube video, 4:39, posted by Alamo YTC Germany, Oct 7, 2012, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=Q429AOpL_ds\">https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=Q429AOpL_ds<\/a><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u201cBeyond the obvious fact that you are black, is your music black music?\u201d \u201cNo.\u201d \u201cWhy?\u201d \u201cTo answer that, I\u2019m going to give you a brief musical background of myself.\u201d1 So begins an excerpt from an interview of the \u201cblack superstar\u201d &hellip; <a href=\"https:\/\/pages.stolaf.edu\/americanmusic\/2019\/10\/09\/what-it-means-to-be-black-a-people-and-their-music\/\">Continue reading <span class=\"meta-nav\">&rarr;<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3314,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[1],"tags":[581,958,1159],"class_list":["post-4249","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-uncategorized","tag-african-american","tag-african-american-music","tag-african-american-musicians"],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/p7jEhR-16x","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/pages.stolaf.edu\/americanmusic\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4249","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/pages.stolaf.edu\/americanmusic\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/pages.stolaf.edu\/americanmusic\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pages.stolaf.edu\/americanmusic\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3314"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pages.stolaf.edu\/americanmusic\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4249"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/pages.stolaf.edu\/americanmusic\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4249\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4891,"href":"https:\/\/pages.stolaf.edu\/americanmusic\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4249\/revisions\/4891"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/pages.stolaf.edu\/americanmusic\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4249"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pages.stolaf.edu\/americanmusic\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4249"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pages.stolaf.edu\/americanmusic\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4249"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}