{"id":4080,"date":"2019-10-02T22:01:06","date_gmt":"2019-10-03T03:01:06","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/pages.stolaf.edu\/americanmusic\/?p=4080"},"modified":"2019-12-14T15:35:09","modified_gmt":"2019-12-14T21:35:09","slug":"behind-the-mask-minstrelsy-today","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/pages.stolaf.edu\/americanmusic\/2019\/10\/02\/behind-the-mask-minstrelsy-today\/","title":{"rendered":"Behind the Mask: Minstrelsy Today"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>**Trigger Warning- the following post contains images of blackface<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Last week, a video of Justin Trudeau (Canada\u2019s prime minister) was released. In the video, the camera slowly pans downwards and we see Trudeau wearing an afro and his entire body is covered in dark paint. Several other images from separate occasions also emerged. The prime minister (who is up for re-election) confessed to a &#8220;massive blind spot&#8221; in his thinking, saying he was \u201cdeeply sorry.\u201d When I saw this story, I honestly wasn\u2019t that shocked. It seems as though \u201cblackface shaming\u201d has become the ultimate way to control powerful, important people. People are digging through their yearbooks and old photographs (physical not digital!) from <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">years<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> ago in order to shed light on the racist actions of people they knew back in the day.\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/pages.stolaf.edu\/americanmusic\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/593\/2019\/10\/trudeau2.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-4099 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/pages.stolaf.edu\/americanmusic\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/593\/2019\/10\/trudeau2-300x177.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"177\" srcset=\"https:\/\/pages.stolaf.edu\/americanmusic\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/593\/2019\/10\/trudeau2-300x177.jpg 300w, https:\/\/pages.stolaf.edu\/americanmusic\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/593\/2019\/10\/trudeau2-150x88.jpg 150w, https:\/\/pages.stolaf.edu\/americanmusic\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/593\/2019\/10\/trudeau2-768x452.jpg 768w, https:\/\/pages.stolaf.edu\/americanmusic\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/593\/2019\/10\/trudeau2-500x294.jpg 500w, https:\/\/pages.stolaf.edu\/americanmusic\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/593\/2019\/10\/trudeau2.jpg 911w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_4082\" style=\"width: 269px\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\"><a href=\"https:\/\/infoweb.newsbank.com\/iw-search\/we\/Evans\/?p_product=EAIX&amp;p_theme=eai&amp;p_nbid=S5AW63FYMTU2OTk4MDM2Ny40MTA0NTk6MToxNDoxOTkuOTEuMTgwLjE0Mg&amp;p_action=doc&amp;p_docnum=4&amp;p_queryname=7&amp;p_docref=v2:13D59FCC0F7F54B8@EAIX-154E9B1DCBA76600@S351-@1\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-4082\" class=\"wp-image-4082\" src=\"https:\/\/pages.stolaf.edu\/americanmusic\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/593\/2019\/10\/15E682618A5F0398-417x1024.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"259\" height=\"623\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-4082\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Photo courtesy of Afro-Americana Imprints, LCP, no. S351.<\/p><\/div>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Blackface is definitely not anything new. Eric Lott explains &#8220;blackface minstrelsy was an established nineteenth-century theatrical practice, principally of the urban north, in which white men caricatured black men for profit [<a href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/0BxQzWOgr8AurZHRwTEcwWTczZW8\/view\">1<\/a>].&#8221; Lott believes &#8220;the black mask offered a way to play with collective fears of a degraded and threatening-and male-Other while at the same time some symbolic control over them [1].&#8221;<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> As we have discussed in American Music, stock characters such as Jim Crow, Zip Coon, Mammy, and Jezebel would be played by all-white male casts. African Americans in these shows were shown as barbaric, simple, passionate, hyper-sexual, and faux-suave. The cast would then come out at the end of the show as their normal white selves, dressed in elegant attire to prove they were truly \u201ccivilized white men.\u201d As we can see in this \u201cEleventh St. Opera House\u201d advertisement, minstrel shows were catered to families- they even had a discounted price for children (only 15 cents!). Names such as \u201cThe Sure Cure\u201d and \u201cMagic Pearl\u201d further enticed audiences to come experience this strange \u201cother\u201d culture.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">You may ask yourself, how does this relate to the present day? Sure, minstrel shows were incredibly racist and oppressed an entire culture of people (to put it lightly), but minstrel shows don\u2019t happen anymore, right? However, there have been many <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">recent<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> cases of popular and respected figures being outed as having donned blackface besides Justin Trudeau:<\/span><\/p>\n\n\t\t<style type=\"text\/css\">\n\t\t\t#gallery-1 {\n\t\t\t\tmargin: auto;\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t#gallery-1 .gallery-item {\n\t\t\t\tfloat: left;\n\t\t\t\tmargin-top: 10px;\n\t\t\t\ttext-align: center;\n\t\t\t\twidth: 33%;\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t#gallery-1 img {\n\t\t\t\tborder: 2px solid #cfcfcf;\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t#gallery-1 .gallery-caption {\n\t\t\t\tmargin-left: 0;\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t\/* see gallery_shortcode() in wp-includes\/media.php *\/\n\t\t<\/style>\n\t\t<div id='gallery-1' class='gallery galleryid-4080 gallery-columns-3 gallery-size-medium'><dl class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<dt class='gallery-icon landscape'>\n\t\t\t\t<a href='https:\/\/pages.stolaf.edu\/americanmusic\/2019\/10\/02\/behind-the-mask-minstrelsy-today\/ny-1549912923-timph7k9wq-snap-image\/'><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"300\" height=\"254\" src=\"https:\/\/pages.stolaf.edu\/americanmusic\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/593\/2019\/10\/ny-1549912923-timph7k9wq-snap-image-300x254.jpeg\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium\" alt=\"\" aria-describedby=\"gallery-1-4085\" srcset=\"https:\/\/pages.stolaf.edu\/americanmusic\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/593\/2019\/10\/ny-1549912923-timph7k9wq-snap-image-300x254.jpeg 300w, https:\/\/pages.stolaf.edu\/americanmusic\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/593\/2019\/10\/ny-1549912923-timph7k9wq-snap-image-150x127.jpeg 150w, https:\/\/pages.stolaf.edu\/americanmusic\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/593\/2019\/10\/ny-1549912923-timph7k9wq-snap-image-355x300.jpeg 355w, https:\/\/pages.stolaf.edu\/americanmusic\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/593\/2019\/10\/ny-1549912923-timph7k9wq-snap-image.jpeg 415w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/dt>\n\t\t\t\t<dd class='wp-caption-text gallery-caption' id='gallery-1-4085'>\n\t\t\t\tJimmy Fallon as Chris Rock\n\t\t\t\t<\/dd><\/dl><dl class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<dt class='gallery-icon portrait'>\n\t\t\t\t<a href='https:\/\/pages.stolaf.edu\/americanmusic\/2019\/10\/02\/behind-the-mask-minstrelsy-today\/jrmamh7nakfiauakch7vg22tdq\/'><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"266\" height=\"300\" src=\"https:\/\/pages.stolaf.edu\/americanmusic\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/593\/2019\/10\/JRMAMH7NAKFIAUAKCH7VG22TDQ-266x300.jpg\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium\" alt=\"\" aria-describedby=\"gallery-1-4083\" srcset=\"https:\/\/pages.stolaf.edu\/americanmusic\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/593\/2019\/10\/JRMAMH7NAKFIAUAKCH7VG22TDQ-266x300.jpg 266w, https:\/\/pages.stolaf.edu\/americanmusic\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/593\/2019\/10\/JRMAMH7NAKFIAUAKCH7VG22TDQ-133x150.jpg 133w, https:\/\/pages.stolaf.edu\/americanmusic\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/593\/2019\/10\/JRMAMH7NAKFIAUAKCH7VG22TDQ-768x867.jpg 768w, https:\/\/pages.stolaf.edu\/americanmusic\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/593\/2019\/10\/JRMAMH7NAKFIAUAKCH7VG22TDQ.jpg 800w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 266px) 100vw, 266px\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/dt>\n\t\t\t\t<dd class='wp-caption-text gallery-caption' id='gallery-1-4083'>\n\t\t\t\tJulianne Hough dressed as a prisoner from &#8220;Orange is the New Black&#8221;\n\t\t\t\t<\/dd><\/dl><dl class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<dt class='gallery-icon landscape'>\n\t\t\t\t<a href='https:\/\/pages.stolaf.edu\/americanmusic\/2019\/10\/02\/behind-the-mask-minstrelsy-today\/sabarini\/'><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"300\" height=\"194\" src=\"https:\/\/pages.stolaf.edu\/americanmusic\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/593\/2019\/10\/sabarini-300x194.jpg\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium\" alt=\"\" aria-describedby=\"gallery-1-4092\" srcset=\"https:\/\/pages.stolaf.edu\/americanmusic\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/593\/2019\/10\/sabarini-300x194.jpg 300w, https:\/\/pages.stolaf.edu\/americanmusic\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/593\/2019\/10\/sabarini-150x97.jpg 150w, https:\/\/pages.stolaf.edu\/americanmusic\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/593\/2019\/10\/sabarini-465x300.jpg 465w, https:\/\/pages.stolaf.edu\/americanmusic\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/593\/2019\/10\/sabarini.jpg 688w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/dt>\n\t\t\t\t<dd class='wp-caption-text gallery-caption' id='gallery-1-4092'>\n\t\t\t\tFlorida State Representative Anthony Sabatini\n\t\t\t\t<\/dd><\/dl><br style=\"clear: both\" \/><dl class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<dt class='gallery-icon landscape'>\n\t\t\t\t<a href='https:\/\/pages.stolaf.edu\/americanmusic\/2019\/10\/02\/behind-the-mask-minstrelsy-today\/kylie-jenner-blackface\/'><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"300\" height=\"200\" src=\"https:\/\/pages.stolaf.edu\/americanmusic\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/593\/2019\/10\/Kylie-Jenner-Blackface-300x200.jpg\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium\" alt=\"\" aria-describedby=\"gallery-1-4084\" srcset=\"https:\/\/pages.stolaf.edu\/americanmusic\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/593\/2019\/10\/Kylie-Jenner-Blackface-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/pages.stolaf.edu\/americanmusic\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/593\/2019\/10\/Kylie-Jenner-Blackface-150x100.jpg 150w, https:\/\/pages.stolaf.edu\/americanmusic\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/593\/2019\/10\/Kylie-Jenner-Blackface-450x300.jpg 450w, https:\/\/pages.stolaf.edu\/americanmusic\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/593\/2019\/10\/Kylie-Jenner-Blackface.jpg 618w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/dt>\n\t\t\t\t<dd class='wp-caption-text gallery-caption' id='gallery-1-4084'>\n\t\t\t\tKylie Jenner on instagram\n\t\t\t\t<\/dd><\/dl><dl class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<dt class='gallery-icon landscape'>\n\t\t\t\t<a href='https:\/\/pages.stolaf.edu\/americanmusic\/2019\/10\/02\/behind-the-mask-minstrelsy-today\/cvknolvusaacqqs\/'><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"300\" height=\"181\" src=\"https:\/\/pages.stolaf.edu\/americanmusic\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/593\/2019\/10\/CVknOlvUsAACqQs-300x181.jpg\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium\" alt=\"\" aria-describedby=\"gallery-1-4093\" srcset=\"https:\/\/pages.stolaf.edu\/americanmusic\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/593\/2019\/10\/CVknOlvUsAACqQs-300x181.jpg 300w, https:\/\/pages.stolaf.edu\/americanmusic\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/593\/2019\/10\/CVknOlvUsAACqQs-150x90.jpg 150w, https:\/\/pages.stolaf.edu\/americanmusic\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/593\/2019\/10\/CVknOlvUsAACqQs-498x300.jpg 498w, https:\/\/pages.stolaf.edu\/americanmusic\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/593\/2019\/10\/CVknOlvUsAACqQs.jpg 500w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/dt>\n\t\t\t\t<dd class='wp-caption-text gallery-caption' id='gallery-1-4093'>\n\t\t\t\tJudy Garland in &#8220;Everybody Sings&#8221; (1938)\n\t\t\t\t<\/dd><\/dl><dl class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<dt class='gallery-icon landscape'>\n\t\t\t\t<a href='https:\/\/pages.stolaf.edu\/americanmusic\/2019\/10\/02\/behind-the-mask-minstrelsy-today\/beyonce-blackface\/'><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"300\" height=\"200\" src=\"https:\/\/pages.stolaf.edu\/americanmusic\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/593\/2019\/10\/Beyonce-Blackface-300x200.jpg\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium\" alt=\"\" aria-describedby=\"gallery-1-4088\" srcset=\"https:\/\/pages.stolaf.edu\/americanmusic\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/593\/2019\/10\/Beyonce-Blackface-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/pages.stolaf.edu\/americanmusic\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/593\/2019\/10\/Beyonce-Blackface-150x100.jpg 150w, https:\/\/pages.stolaf.edu\/americanmusic\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/593\/2019\/10\/Beyonce-Blackface-450x300.jpg 450w, https:\/\/pages.stolaf.edu\/americanmusic\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/593\/2019\/10\/Beyonce-Blackface.jpg 618w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/dt>\n\t\t\t\t<dd class='wp-caption-text gallery-caption' id='gallery-1-4088'>\n\t\t\t\tEven Beyonce has been called out for darkening her skin for her L\u2019Officiel Paris\u2019 photo shoot\n\t\t\t\t<\/dd><\/dl><br style=\"clear: both\" \/>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">While blackface is nothing new, shaming it is. The mindset on blackface and cultural appropriation has done a huge turnaround and \u201ccalling-out\u201d culture has taken its place. In my opinion I think this is generally a really great thing. Powerful people should not be able to dehumanize others. However, I do not think people always leak blackface photos to promote the injustice of racism, but rather for their own personal or political motivations. In our current cultural climate, blackface accusations have the power to prevent reelections, cause people to be fired from their jobs, and cause public shame and humiliation. I do not think it is a coincidence that Trudeau&#8217;s blackface photos were released in the midst of his reelection campaign.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">On a positive note, there have been steps to change the legacy of minstrelsy. I came across an article written for <em>Black News<\/em>, a digital newspaper, that explains how a company called EdAnime Productions has produced an animated children\u2019s series called <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Meltrek<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">. The show follows a group of students and their teacher, and its main goals are \u201cpreserving African American history, fostering self-awareness, self-esteem and solidarity, and to project positive images of African Americans into the national consciousness <a href=\"https:\/\/www.blacknews.com\/news\/edanime-productions-meltrek-animated-series-children-african-american-history\/\">[2]<\/a>\u201d. While change won\u2019t be easy or happen quickly, it\u2019s very positive to see that companies are moving in a more diverse direction.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/pages.stolaf.edu\/americanmusic\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/593\/2019\/10\/jalen_bailey_meltrek_dvd.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-4094\" src=\"https:\/\/pages.stolaf.edu\/americanmusic\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/593\/2019\/10\/jalen_bailey_meltrek_dvd-300x158.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"158\" srcset=\"https:\/\/pages.stolaf.edu\/americanmusic\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/593\/2019\/10\/jalen_bailey_meltrek_dvd-300x158.jpg 300w, https:\/\/pages.stolaf.edu\/americanmusic\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/593\/2019\/10\/jalen_bailey_meltrek_dvd-150x79.jpg 150w, https:\/\/pages.stolaf.edu\/americanmusic\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/593\/2019\/10\/jalen_bailey_meltrek_dvd-500x263.jpg 500w, https:\/\/pages.stolaf.edu\/americanmusic\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/593\/2019\/10\/jalen_bailey_meltrek_dvd.jpg 600w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Bibliography<\/p>\n<p>[1] Lott, Eric. <em>Love and Theft: Blackface Minstrelsy and the Working Class<\/em>. Oxford University Press. New York, NY. 1993.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.blacknews.com\/news\/edanime-productions-meltrek-animated-series-children-african-american-history\/\">[2]<\/a> Lee, Dante. \u201cBlack Media Company Releases First Animated Series That Teaches Children Authentic African American History.\u201d\u00a0<i>BlackNews.Com<\/i>, 11 Jan. 2016.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>**Trigger Warning- the following post contains images of blackface Last week, a video of Justin Trudeau (Canada\u2019s prime minister) was released. In the video, the camera slowly pans downwards and we see Trudeau wearing an afro and his entire body &hellip; <a href=\"https:\/\/pages.stolaf.edu\/americanmusic\/2019\/10\/02\/behind-the-mask-minstrelsy-today\/\">Continue reading <span class=\"meta-nav\">&rarr;<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2010,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-4080","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-uncategorized"],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/p7jEhR-13O","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/pages.stolaf.edu\/americanmusic\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4080","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/pages.stolaf.edu\/americanmusic\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/pages.stolaf.edu\/americanmusic\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pages.stolaf.edu\/americanmusic\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2010"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pages.stolaf.edu\/americanmusic\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4080"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/pages.stolaf.edu\/americanmusic\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4080\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4856,"href":"https:\/\/pages.stolaf.edu\/americanmusic\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4080\/revisions\/4856"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/pages.stolaf.edu\/americanmusic\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4080"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pages.stolaf.edu\/americanmusic\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4080"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pages.stolaf.edu\/americanmusic\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4080"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}