{"id":3688,"date":"2019-09-16T17:11:40","date_gmt":"2019-09-16T22:11:40","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/pages.stolaf.edu\/americanmusic\/?p=3688"},"modified":"2019-12-15T14:02:34","modified_gmt":"2019-12-15T20:02:34","slug":"the-expansion-of-the-vanishing-indian","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/pages.stolaf.edu\/americanmusic\/2019\/09\/16\/the-expansion-of-the-vanishing-indian\/","title":{"rendered":"The Expansion of the \u201cVanishing Indian\u201d"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>In his paper \u201cMacDowell\u2019s Vanishing Indians,\u201d Dr. Daniel Blim writes that the \u201cIndianist\u201d movement of using Native American inspiration for American music owes its success largely to the composer Edward MacDowell, and especially to his <em>Indian Suite<\/em>, premiered in 1896. Blim connects this to the \u201cvanishing Indian\u201d trope: \u201cthe Indian as a cultural figure . . . began to \u2018vanish,\u2019 and no longer a threat, could be reappropriated in the national imagination as a nostalgic figure rather than a living oppositional force.\u201d He discusses MacDowell\u2019s Westernization of Native American music as one way in which it aligns with this trope. Regarding MacDowell\u2019s piece \u201cFrom an Indian Lodge,\u201d Blim writes, \u201cthe subject of this work is not Native America, but a reenactment, subtly Westernized.\u201d<a class=\"sdfootnoteanc\" href=\"#sdfootnote1sym\" name=\"sdfootnote1anc\"><sup>1<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><span class=\"embed-youtube\" style=\"text-align:center; display: block;\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"youtube-player\" width=\"584\" height=\"329\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/QUDiGsjKS_k?version=3&#038;rel=1&#038;showsearch=0&#038;showinfo=1&#038;iv_load_policy=1&#038;fs=1&#038;hl=en-US&#038;autohide=2&#038;wmode=transparent\" allowfullscreen=\"true\" style=\"border:0;\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts allow-same-origin allow-popups allow-presentation allow-popups-to-escape-sandbox\"><\/iframe><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><span class=\"embed-youtube\" style=\"text-align:center; display: block;\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"youtube-player\" width=\"584\" height=\"329\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/c0oeP9V27C0?version=3&#038;rel=1&#038;showsearch=0&#038;showinfo=1&#038;iv_load_policy=1&#038;fs=1&#038;hl=en-US&#038;autohide=2&#038;wmode=transparent\" allowfullscreen=\"true\" style=\"border:0;\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts allow-same-origin allow-popups allow-presentation allow-popups-to-escape-sandbox\"><\/iframe><\/span><\/p>\n<p>Reviews of the <em>Indian Suite<\/em> support this view, showing a strong alignment with the \u201cvanishing Indian\u201d trope and praising MacDowell\u2019s Westernization of Native American music. Blim uses the <em>Indian Suite<\/em> as an example of MacDowell\u2019s music before it reflected the shift to the \u201cvanishing Indian\u201d view, still depicting Native Americans as a \u201cliving oppositional force.\u201d However, the following two reviews, though approaching the <em>Indian Suite<\/em> from opposite directions, both project the \u201cvanishing Indian\u201d trope onto the piece.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/pages.stolaf.edu\/americanmusic\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/593\/2019\/09\/Screen-Shot-2019-09-16-at-4.52.55-PM.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-3695 alignright\" src=\"https:\/\/pages.stolaf.edu\/americanmusic\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/593\/2019\/09\/Screen-Shot-2019-09-16-at-4.52.55-PM-167x300.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"120\" height=\"207\" data-wp-editing=\"1\" \/><\/a>In 1898, the magazine <em>The Critic<\/em> published a review (right) praising MacDowell\u2019s ability to \u201cweave a series of tone-pictures out of . . . purely native material.\u201d It contrasts his suite with Dvo\u0159\u00e1k\u2019s ninth symphony, stating that MacDowell \u201cclings to what is elemental and more thoroughly representative, . . . carefully avoiding as inappropriate a too complex treatment of native themes.\u201d<a class=\"sdfootnoteanc\" href=\"#sdfootnote1sym\" name=\"sdfootnote1anc\"><sup>2<\/sup><\/a> Rather than seeing Native Americans as a living opposition still in need of Westernization, <em>The Critic<\/em> praises MacDowell for getting to the core of what is Native American, showing the extent to which their opposition had been replaced by an opportunity for inspiration.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/pages.stolaf.edu\/americanmusic\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/593\/2019\/09\/Screen-Shot-2019-09-16-at-4.55.12-PM.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-3696 alignleft\" src=\"https:\/\/pages.stolaf.edu\/americanmusic\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/593\/2019\/09\/Screen-Shot-2019-09-16-at-4.55.12-PM-300x277.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"261\" height=\"242\" srcset=\"https:\/\/pages.stolaf.edu\/americanmusic\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/593\/2019\/09\/Screen-Shot-2019-09-16-at-4.55.12-PM-300x277.png 300w, https:\/\/pages.stolaf.edu\/americanmusic\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/593\/2019\/09\/Screen-Shot-2019-09-16-at-4.55.12-PM-150x139.png 150w, https:\/\/pages.stolaf.edu\/americanmusic\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/593\/2019\/09\/Screen-Shot-2019-09-16-at-4.55.12-PM-768x709.png 768w, https:\/\/pages.stolaf.edu\/americanmusic\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/593\/2019\/09\/Screen-Shot-2019-09-16-at-4.55.12-PM-1024x946.png 1024w, https:\/\/pages.stolaf.edu\/americanmusic\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/593\/2019\/09\/Screen-Shot-2019-09-16-at-4.55.12-PM-325x300.png 325w, https:\/\/pages.stolaf.edu\/americanmusic\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/593\/2019\/09\/Screen-Shot-2019-09-16-at-4.55.12-PM.png 1462w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 261px) 100vw, 261px\" \/><\/a>In 1939, 41 years later, the magazine <em>Forum and Century<\/em> also published a review (left) praising the <em>Indian Suite<\/em>, but comparing it favorably with Dvo\u0159\u00e1k\u2019s symphony: \u201cThe Suite is in no sense a sequence of Indian tunes. It is a sweeping orchestral work, symphonic in nature, that evokes auditory images of our ancestors, their mores, and their cherished aspirations and bitter frustrations.\u201d<a class=\"sdfootnoteanc\" href=\"#sdfootnote1sym\" name=\"sdfootnote1anc\"><sup>3<\/sup><\/a> For <em>Forum and Century<\/em>, rather than Westernization being an obstacle, it allows the Native American to be more effectively appropriated, so much so that they are now \u201cour ancestors,\u201d and the music\u2019s frustration that Blim associates with their oppositional position now reflects the \u201cbitter frustrations\u201d of the Native Americans themselves.<\/p>\n<p>From only two years after the premier through the following several decades, MacDowell\u2019s <em>Indian Suite<\/em> was fully enveloped by the trope of the \u201cvanishing Indian.\u201d Though approaching the piece from opposite directions, both reviews celebrate MacDowell\u2019s synthesis of Native American music. They do not make Blim\u2019s differentiation between the suite and pieces that more explicitly align with this trope. Rather, due to the strength of the national shift spurred by MacDowell himself, they project onto this piece the concept that the Native American has vanished and transformed into fodder for American music.<\/p>\n<div id=\"sdfootnote1\">\n<p class=\"sdfootnote\"><a class=\"sdfootnotesym\" href=\"#sdfootnote1anc\" name=\"sdfootnote1sym\">1<\/a>. Blim, Daniel. \u201cMacDowell\u2019s Vanishing Indians.\u201d Paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the American Musicological Society and the Society for Music Theory, Vancouver, BC, November 2016.<\/p>\n<div id=\"sdfootnote1\">\n<p class=\"sdfootnote\"><a class=\"sdfootnotesym\" href=\"#sdfootnote1anc\" name=\"sdfootnote1sym\">2<\/a>. &#8220;Music: Notes of the Season.&#8221; <em>The Critic: A Weekly Review of Literature and the Arts (1886-1898)<\/em>, Feb 05, 1898, 97, <a href=\"https:\/\/search.proquest.com\/docview\/124892533?accountid=351\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">https:\/\/search.proquest.com\/docview\/124892533?accountid=351<\/a>.<\/p>\n<div id=\"sdfootnote1\">\n<p class=\"sdfootnote\"><a class=\"sdfootnotesym\" href=\"#sdfootnote1anc\" name=\"sdfootnote1sym\">3<\/a>. ARTHUR, WALLACE HEPNER. &#8220;THE RECORD REVIEW.&#8221; <em>Forum and Century (1930-1940)<\/em>, 11, 1939, 1, <a href=\"https:\/\/search.proquest.com\/docview\/90883079?accountid=351\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">https:\/\/search.proquest.com\/docview\/90883079?accountid=351<\/a>.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>\u201cEdward MacDowell, Suite No 2, Indian, Op 48.\u201d YouTube video, 36:24, posted by<br \/>\nGunnar Frederikson, Feb 28, 2018,<a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=QUDiGsjKS_k\"> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=QUDiGsjKS_k<\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u201cWoodland Sketches, Op. 51: No. 5. From an Indian Lodge.\u201d YouTube video, 2:48, posted by Alexandra Oehler &#8211; Topic, Jan 30, 2015, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=c0oeP9V27C0\">https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=c0oeP9V27C0<\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>In his paper \u201cMacDowell\u2019s Vanishing Indians,\u201d Dr. Daniel Blim writes that the \u201cIndianist\u201d movement of using Native American inspiration for American music owes its success largely to the composer Edward MacDowell, and especially to his Indian Suite, premiered in 1896. &hellip; <a href=\"https:\/\/pages.stolaf.edu\/americanmusic\/2019\/09\/16\/the-expansion-of-the-vanishing-indian\/\">Continue reading <span class=\"meta-nav\">&rarr;<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3314,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[1],"tags":[230,1145,492,494,1146,648,716,1147],"class_list":["post-3688","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-uncategorized","tag-appropriation","tag-daniel-blim","tag-edward-macdowell","tag-indian-suite","tag-indianist-movement","tag-native-americans","tag-vanishing-indian","tag-westernization"],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/p7jEhR-Xu","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/pages.stolaf.edu\/americanmusic\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3688","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/pages.stolaf.edu\/americanmusic\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/pages.stolaf.edu\/americanmusic\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pages.stolaf.edu\/americanmusic\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3314"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pages.stolaf.edu\/americanmusic\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3688"}],"version-history":[{"count":6,"href":"https:\/\/pages.stolaf.edu\/americanmusic\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3688\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4886,"href":"https:\/\/pages.stolaf.edu\/americanmusic\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3688\/revisions\/4886"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/pages.stolaf.edu\/americanmusic\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3688"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pages.stolaf.edu\/americanmusic\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3688"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pages.stolaf.edu\/americanmusic\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3688"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}